|
|
Comparsion of iron reducing properties of flavonols and flavanones
Kyjovská, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Veronika Kyjovská Supervisor: P emysl Mlad nka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Compare iron-reducing properties of flavanols and flavanons The aim of this thesis was to compare the iron-reducing properties of flavanons and flavonols in different concentrations, at different pathophysiological pHs and in non-buffered conditions. A spectrophotometric method with ferrozin, an indicator of ferrous ions, was used. Results at pH 4.5 and in non-buffered conditions were almost comparable, while at pH 5.5 flavonoids showed almost no reduction activity. At pH 6.8 and 7.5 flavonoids did not reduce ferric ions at all. Representatives with the highest reduction activity belonged mostly to the group of flavonols (quercetin, kaempferol, morin, myricetin). Only one representative of flavanons - taxifolin showed the same reduction activity as aforementioned representatives of flavonols. This is probably due to the presence of the 3-hydroxy group in C ring. Other representatives of flavonon do not contain this group and were associated with minimal capabilities of reduction. Lower reduction activity was also observed in case of a representantive of flavonols - rutin, which has the 3-hydroxy group substituted...
|
|
|
Biological effect of plant metabolites II. Isolation of alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham.
Linzerová, Michaela ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Linzerová, M.: A Biological Effect of Plant Metabolits II. The Isolation of Alkaloids from Eschscholzia californica Cham. A diploma work, Charles University in Praque, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2009, 66 pages Extract J1 from plant Eschscholzia californica Cham. was separated. The separation was performed on a chromatografic column filled by silica gel, mixture of chloroform-ethanol 100+0 to 45+55 was chosen as eluent. For detection was taken thin-layer chromatography. A polar mixture of ethanol-acetic acid-water (60+30+10) was chosen as eleunt mixture. Detection was evaluated by UV radiation and spray of Dragendorff reagent. The fractions containing the highest concentracion of alkaloids were coupled and purified. Two different alkaloids were obtained. The structures of these alkaloids were found out by NMR method. Keywords: Californian Poppy, Eschscholzia californica, alkaloids, column chromatography, Alzheimer disease, benzophenanthridin alkaloids
|
|
|
Biological Activity of Cichorium Intybus Compounds
Málková, Marta ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Marta Málková: Biologická aktivita obsahových látek Cichorium intybus. Rigorózní práce, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové, Katedra farmaceutické botaniky a ekologie, Hradec Králové 2010, s.57. Klíčová slova : Cichorium intybus, čekanka obecná, arnikolid Biologická aktivita byla stanovována u extraktů získaných z plodů a kořenů Cichorium intybus. Použit byl ethanolový, vodný a dichlormetanový extrakt ze sušených kořenů a suchý vodný extrakt z plodů a z něj získaná frakce obsahující fenolické kyseliny. Významný inhibiční efekt na acetylcholinesterázu a butylcholinesterázu nebyl zaznamenán u žádného z extraktů. Nejvyšší obsah fenolických látek a zároveň nejvyšší antioxidační aktivita byla zjištěna u frakce obsahující fenolické kyseliny. Dále byly všechny extrakty hodnoceny pomocí tenkovrstvé chromatografie, která prokázala přítomnost sitosterolu v dichlormethanovém extraktu z kořenů Cichorium intybus. Na základě výsledků TLC byla pomocí HPLC v tomto extraktu zjištěna přítomnost laktonu arnikolidu. ABSTRACT Marta Málková: Biological activity of Cichorium intybus compounds. Rigorous thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Hradec Králové, 2010, s.57. Keywords : Cichorium intybus,...
|
|
|
Biological activity of plant metabolites. XIV. Influence of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L.on acetylcholinesterase
Kubincová, Dagmar ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Kubincová, D.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV; Influence of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. on acetylcholinesterase. Rigorous work, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové, 74 pp. Key words: Alzheimer's disease, alkaloids, Chelidonium majus, acetylcholinesterase, biological aktivity. Within the screening of plants that contain alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase Greater celadine (Chelidonium majus L., Papaveraceae) was studied. 41.8 kg of the whole dry plant (the aerial part with the roots) served for the isolation of alkaloids. Mixtures of pseudocyanides of benzophenanthridine alkaloids, phenolic bases, and the alkaloids precipitated from either chloroform-soluble or chloroform-insoluble chlorides were obtained from the purified ethanolic extract. My task was to separate bases from the chlorides insoluble in chloroform. Using both column and thin layer chromatography protopine as a base was isolated. The identity of the isolated alkaloid was determined by means of an authentic standard and by comparing its physico-chemical characteristics with the published data. The isolated compound inhibited the human erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase with IC50 1,12.10-3 M. Comparing its biological activity with that of...
|
|
|
Biological activity of plant metabolites II. Influence of alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. on acetylcholinesterase.
Vítková, Eva ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
SOUHRN Spolu s ostatními diplomantkami (Dagmar Kubincovou, Janou Nagyovou a Šárkou Brožovou) jsme provedly extrakci 41,8 kg suché nati s kořeny. Poté jsme tento získaný primární extrakt vyčistily a to filtrací a následným oddestilováním rozpouštědla. Dále jsme připravily sekvenčním postupem výtřepky s jednotlivými typy alkaloidů: šlo o dva diethyletherové výtřepky, které byly následně okyseleny, vzniklé kvartérní jodidy po přidání jodidu draselného vytřepány chloroformem a po následné alkalizaci extraktu byly získány další kvartérní jodidy vytřepáním do směsi chloroform + ethanol 8,5:1,5. Dále jsem zpracovávala výtřepek A. Provedla jsem separaci látek z výtřepku A pomocí sloupcové chromatografie. Poté jsem použila frakci 12, kde se podle výsledků tenkovrstvé chromatografie nacházely 2 čisté látky ("A vyšší" a "A nižší"). Preparativní tenkovrstvou chromatografií jsem "A vyšší" a "A nižší" oddělila a pro další práci pak použila pouze "A nižší", tj. čistou látku CH-M/A- 3 (0,0494 g). Rhomboidní nahnědlé krystalky látky CH-M/A-3 z frakce 27 vykrystalizovaly až po izolaci látky CH-M/A-3 z frakce 12 (0,0777 g), nebyly proto vyčištěny a dále zpracovány. Další izolaci látky z frakce 27 jsem neprováděla, protože se ukázalo, že látka CH-M/A-3 z frakce 27 je identická s látkami označovanými jako "A nižší" z frakce 12....
|
|
|
Determination of artemisinin in Artemisia annua
Špundová, Jana ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
This studies describes the determination of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. cultivated in Czech Republic in 2006. Plant was harvested in four vegetative stages (intensive vegetative growth stage, bud formation, cease bloom stage and maturity seed stage). Plant was shade dried on the air and extracted with an organic solvent hexane for 17 hours and then filtrated. Artemisinin was confirmed by thin layer chromatography with artemisinin standard use. The concentration of artemisinin was determinated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with constant constitution of mobil phase and UV detection with wave length 295 nm. Maximum artemisinin concentration occured at the bud formation stage (0,030%).
|
|
|
Pharmacognostic study of Alnus spp.
Chlebek, Jakub ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles Univerzity in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Degree work term: Pharrnacognostic study of Alnus spp. Student: Jakub Chlebek Abstract The degree work Pharmacognostic study of radix Alnus spp. consists of theoretical and experimental part. Theoretical part contains botanical characteristic of the three home species of Czech Republic (Alnus glutinosa, Alnus incana, Alnus rugosa), phytochemical review of the compounds of the genus Alnus and their biological acivities. Experimental part deals with phytochemical and biological study of the roots of Alnus glutinosa. Dried roots of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) were extracted with Me2CO-H2O (7:3). Final extract was chromatographed over test silica gel colum using a MeOH- CHCl3 gradient (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 100 %). Elution gave 36 fractions. All the separations were analysed by TLC (hexane-EtOAc MeOH, 2:2:1). The sterols were detected in the fraction No. 7 by TLC, melting point and GC-MS. Major present sterols were β-sitosterol, β-sitostanol, minor sterols campestanol, campesterol. Fractions No. 10 and 19 were analysed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity of the fraction No. 19 was measured with DPPH radical and was low (EC50 0.32 mg/mL). Test silica gel colum experience were used in analysis on...
|
|
|
The effect of pyrazine derivatives on secondary metabolites content in plant cultures in vitro - III.
Blahnová, Kristýna ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
One of the possibilities how to increase the production of secondary metabolites (SM) in plant in vitro cultures is the method of elicitation. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an abiotic elicitor from the class of pyrazine derivatives 1-benzyl-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)urea on the production of flavonolignans of silymarin complex and flavonoid taxifolin in the plant culture Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Pyrazine derivatives are investigated for their herbicidal properties, so elicitation proceeds by the mechanism of stress inducing effect. Tissue cultures were grown on Murashige and Skoog growth medium with the addition of the growth regulator α-naphthylacetic acid. Elicitation was performed on both callus and suspension cultures. The elicitor was used in three different concentrations: c1 = 100.0 mg/100 ml; c2 = 10.0 mg/100 ml; c3 = 1.00 mg/100 ml. Particular samples were taken after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor effect, control samples after 6, 48 and 168 hours. After drying, the callus and suspension tissues were extracted with methanol and the content of the monitored secondary metabolites was determined by HPLC. It was also tested if SM are released into the growth medium. Flavonolignans silybinin A and silybinin B were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. The...
|
|
|
Phenolic acids in plants
Klížová, Lucie ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the Diploma thesis: FENOLIC ACIDS IN PLANTS Candidate: Lucie Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2020/2021, pp. 153 Phenolic acids belongs between secondary metabolites, which are part of fruits, vegetables, cereals and other plants of different families. For example, it can be plants of family Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Ericaceae, which contain significant amounts of these substances. In plants phenolic acids play an important role and they have many human health-promoting effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activity and other. Plants containing phenolic acids are preferably also used as antidiabetics, expectorants, insecticides, hypolipidemics, cardioprotective and neurological compounds, etc. The content of these compounds in plants may be different according to monitored cultivar, the place of growth, the time of harvest and many other aspects. Presence, identification and subsequent quantification of individual phenolic acids are usually done through the HPLC and MS methods and total content of these compounds is determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The diploma thesis is a literature...
|
|
|
Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals I.
Rzepecká, Radka ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Radka Rzepecká Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interactions of alkaloids with transition metals I. Copper is one of the essential trace elements that are necessary for the proper functioning of the organism. Copper is a significant component of many enzymes that affect various metabolic processes in the human body. It is important that the level of copper in the body is regulated because its deficit or excess lead to a variety of pathological conditions. Alkaloids are secondary plant metabolites that are distinguished by numerous biological activities. In this thesis the copper-chelating and copper-reducing activity of eleven isoquinoline alkaloids was measured: boldine, isocorydine, (+)-bulbocapnine, (+)-corydine, glaucine, (-)-sinoacutine, (-)-californidine, (-)-escholtzine, platycerine, (-)-fumaricine, and (+)- parfumine. Alkaloid activity was measured at four (patho) physiological pH values by a verified spectrophotometric method using two indicators: bathocuproinedisulfonic acid disodium salt and hematoxylin. Based on the results, structure-effect relationships were derived. The results show that none of the tested substances was able to chelate copper ions. In...
|
guest ::
