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Child support maintenance provided by parents
Dudová, Martina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Resumé This thesis looks at the issue of "Parental Obligations to Provide Child Support" in the Czech Republic - how the system works now and how it might work in the future. As part of this future look, the thesis examines how this issue is currently being handled in Germany. Current Czech legislation dealing with these obligations of parents to provide for the welfare and well-being of children has been criticized both by experts in the field as well as the general public for being inadequate and insufficiently specific. Due to this lack of specificity, current Czech law compromises the principle of providing legal certainty. This thesis is broken down into three primary areas. In the first part, which is key to all that follows, there is an appraisal and assessment of the current Czech legislation dealing with parental child support obligations. The thesis tries to identify and describe the basic concepts that underlie this legislation and it provides a list of the key laws dealing with these child support obligations, including the criminal sanctions that support the fulfillment and enforcement of these obligations on mothers and fathers. This first part also provides an overview of the different changes that have been made in the area family law in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the so-far most...
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Transfer of a right as security
Žižková, Kateřina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The subject-matter of this thesis is the transfer of a right as security. The thesis is focused mainly on the history of the transfer of a right as security, its regulation in Civil code 2012 and it highlights the fundamental changes compared to its regulation in Civil code 1964. The regulation of the transfer of a right as security underwent considerable changes in Civil code 2012. However, the usage of this instrument in practice, compared to other security instruments, is not so common. The fault is primarily with the insufficient regulation in the Civil code 1964 which has led to extensive discussions on this topic in the past as well as restrictions by the Supreme Court. The main aim of this thesis is to evaluate the benefits of the regulation of the transfer of a right as security in Civil code 2012 as compared to 1964. Introductory chapters are dedicated to general issues of the law of obligations, focusing on changes of the basic terms. Other chapters include historical development of the institute and evaluate the applicability of the existing jurisprudence in light of the Civil code 2012. Following chapters deal with the issues of formal and content requirements for the contract on transfer of a right as security. Next chapters describe the process of realization of the transfer of right...
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Compensation for injury and death in German law
Vysloužilová, Markéta ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit ist eine kurze Einführung in die Problematik der Ersatzansprüche für den Personenschaden im Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um eine zusammenfassende Studie, deren Ziel es vor allem ist, die wichtigsten themabezogenen Grundbegriffe und Merkmale auf Tschechisch zu erläutern. Dabei enthält die Arbeit auch einige subtile Anstöße zum interdisziplinären, kulturhistorischen Betrachten des Personenschadens. Der eigentliche Text ist in drei Einheiten geteilt. Der Einführung folgt die etwas deskriptive Auslegung zum Ersatz vom materiellen Schaden, den Kern dieser Arbeit stellt das Schmerzensgeld als Ersatz für den immateriellen Schaden dar. Die spärliche legislative Regelung, die überwiegend im BGB enthalten ist, wird wesentlich durch die Rechtsprechung ergänzt. Der Personenschadenersatz wird im deutschen Recht relativ restriktiv erfasst und die Entschädigungssummen bleiben verhältnismäßig gering. Theoretisch wird der materielle Schaden in Erwerbsschaden, Haushaltsführungsschaden, Heilbehandlungskosten, vermehrte Bedürfnisse, entgangenen Unterhalt, entgangene Dienste und Beerdigungskosten aufgeteilt. Detaillierte Falluntersuchung und strenge Bemessung der materiellen Ersatzansprüche sind aus der angeführten Rechtsprechung ersichtlich. Für den...
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The institute of acquisitive prescription - selected perspectives (a comparison of Czech and German legal regulation and ideational aspects)
Ragužová, Nicole ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Zusammenfassung Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das traditionelle römischrechtliche Institut der Ersitzung und dessen heutige Regelung im tschechischen und deutschen Recht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt in den unterschiedlichen ideologischen Auffassungen beider Regelungen desselben Rechtsinstituts und dessen Wurzeln im römischen Recht. Für die tschechische Rechtsregelung und Rechtswissenschaft bildet das gültige österreichische bürgerliche Gesetzbuch ABGB, das bis zum Jahre 1950 der tschechoslowakische Zivilkodex war, die wichtigste Inspirationsquelle. Deswegen wird auch dem österreichischen ABGB beträchtlicher Raum gegeben. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Wertungsauffassungen in der deutschen und tschechischen Rechtswissenschaft, die die Voraussetzungen und Rechtsfolgen der Ersitzung auf vielen Ebenen beeinflussen. Im Interessenmittelpunkt stehen Streitfragen der Ersitzung und der Vergleich von deren Lösungen in beiden Rechtsordnungen unter Berücksichtigung sowohl der tschechischen Zivilistik der ersten Republik als auch der römischrechtlichen Zivilistik. Systematisch werden in der Arbeit die Regelungen der Ersitzung im römischen, deutschen und tschechischen Recht getrennt behandelt. Der erste Teil der Arbeit fasst die römischrechtliche Regelung zusammen, die in den folgenden...
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Wrongful birth, wrongful life
Špuláková, Eva ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
On the one hand means the development of medical science many new therapies and a greater chance of recovery for patients, on the other hand presents greater demands on the established lege artis procedure. In addition to professional medical procedure must follow the obligations arising from the doctor - patient relationship. The question is whether the doctor should be responsible for any negative consequences of his negligent conduct. Topic wrongful birth, wrongful life deals with fundamental human rights, legal protection of individual rights and responsibilities for the damage. The absence of explicit legislation on substantive issues means that the solution of the case can not be proceeded only by law. That is why I dealt for the most part of the work with foreign case law. The work consists of five parts. The first chapter is a general introduction to the topic. The second chapter includes selected foreign court decisions and presents individual problems which the courts deal with. At the end of the chapter referred to a ruling from the Czech Republic. In the following section are selected counter-arguments that were used foreign case law. In the fourth chapter, I tried to integrate the topic into the framework of national legislation. In the fifth chapter is summary. Foreign case law is not uniform....
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Implementation of the neminem laedere principle in civil law
Kubištová, Zuzana ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
The "Neminem Laedere" principle is one of the essential private law's principles. The statement "not to harm anyone" imposes to everyone to conduct him or herself in such a manner, in order not to inflict damage, not to contribute to the damage inception, and not to contribute to the damage escalation in the situation, when the damage is already caused. We can deduce, that this duty is not related just to the damage causing, but also to the causing of danger of possible damage. When the damage is already caused the principle means the statement to give the full compensation. Regarding to the central status of the Civil Code (Code nr. 40/1964) for the whole private law sector, I target my work at the implementation of the principle within the codification. The focal point of the "Neminem Laedere" principle implementation is part 6 of Civil Code - "The liability for the damage and for unjust enrichment". The function of this legal regulation is preventative-educational (it should influence the civil relations subjects to avoid the damage and not to cause it) and reparation-satisfaction (it should define the obligatory/beneficiary subject for the compensation of the damage and also define the manner, form and measure of the damage), but not the sanction. The "Neminem Laedere" principle acts in three levels in...
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Compensation of damage to health
Pak, Viktor ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
DAMAGES FOR INJURY - SUMMARY The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the present situation in the area of medical law and to find possible legal solutions which would contribute to its improvement. Damages for injury is one of the fastest developing areas of medical law. The legislation of liability for damage to health is contained primarily in the civil code and in some other statutes, of which the most important is the statute on health care of the people. The essential preconditions for the emergence of the liability for damage to health, as well as in the case of other responsibility for the damage, is; the violation of legal obligation, fault, damage and causation between the breach and damage. Each components its specificities. Most of the issues concern causation. Causation can be difficult to demonstrate with certainty due to the unpredictability of biological processes in the body. Courts usually require a 100% proof of it. In cases of liability for damage to health caused by the applied instrument or operational activities is not necessary to prove the fault or breach of legal obligation, which facilitates the position of claimants who seek damages. The basic legal obligation of the provider of health services is to follow the lege artis principle. This concept requires that the procedure be...
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Legal consequences of divorce of marriage with respect to property
Paseková, Martina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Seznam literatury - 60 - LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF A DIVORCE IN PROPERTY AREA Summary Subject of my thesis is "Legal consequences of a divorce in property area". In the first chapters of this thesis I dealt in particular with the common property of spouses. I briefly described what belongs and what does not belong to the common property. Then I dealt with a divorce and its basic forms which are the so called divorce including identification of cause for breakdown of marriage, complicated divorce and divorce without identifying cause of breakdown of marriage. I focused mainly on the last mentioned form of a divorce which is often also called as a divorce based on agreement. This form of a divorce assumes that spouses are able to communicate with each other and that they are prepared and able to fulfill all the conditions required by law. A divorce based on an agreement of both spouses simplifies the divorce proceedings. The most important legal consequence of a divorce in property area is forfeiture of common property and property settlement. Common property settlement may be reached upon an agreement, by a court decision or upon a legal presumption. Similarly to a divorce the most simple way how to settle extinguished common property is an agreement made and signed by spouses who are able to agree on solution...
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Unmarried partnerships (a comparative study)
Žahourová, Zuzana ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Cohabitation (comparative study) The purpose of my thesis is comparison of actual state of coexistence between men and women. with the institution of marriage from the respective of private law. The tesis is composed of nine chapters. Each of them deal with a comparison of unmarried partnerships and mariiage from another perspective. Moreover the paper also contains the intoduction and the conclusion. Chapter number one generally defines the concepts od family, cohabitation and marriage. Chapter number two provides a view of cohabitation and marriage in terms of their origin. Chapter number three compares unmarried cohabitation and marriage in terms of their extinction. The fourth chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part one describes personal relationships between unmaried partners, the second deals with the same relationships between spouses. The fifth chapter contains a discussion of property relations between unmarried partners, and spouses. Contents included under subsections interpretation of marriage relates to the origin of community property, its subject, the administration of the property, modifying agreements between husbands and termination of community property. Chapter number six deals with the relationships between cohabitants and spouses to the child and parental responsibility....
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