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Compensation for injury and death in German law
Vysloužilová, Markéta ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit ist eine kurze Einführung in die Problematik der Ersatzansprüche für den Personenschaden im Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um eine zusammenfassende Studie, deren Ziel es vor allem ist, die wichtigsten themabezogenen Grundbegriffe und Merkmale auf Tschechisch zu erläutern. Dabei enthält die Arbeit auch einige subtile Anstöße zum interdisziplinären, kulturhistorischen Betrachten des Personenschadens. Der eigentliche Text ist in drei Einheiten geteilt. Der Einführung folgt die etwas deskriptive Auslegung zum Ersatz vom materiellen Schaden, den Kern dieser Arbeit stellt das Schmerzensgeld als Ersatz für den immateriellen Schaden dar. Die spärliche legislative Regelung, die überwiegend im BGB enthalten ist, wird wesentlich durch die Rechtsprechung ergänzt. Der Personenschadenersatz wird im deutschen Recht relativ restriktiv erfasst und die Entschädigungssummen bleiben verhältnismäßig gering. Theoretisch wird der materielle Schaden in Erwerbsschaden, Haushaltsführungsschaden, Heilbehandlungskosten, vermehrte Bedürfnisse, entgangenen Unterhalt, entgangene Dienste und Beerdigungskosten aufgeteilt. Detaillierte Falluntersuchung und strenge Bemessung der materiellen Ersatzansprüche sind aus der angeführten Rechtsprechung ersichtlich. Für den...
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The institute of acquisitive prescription - selected perspectives (a comparison of Czech and German legal regulation and ideational aspects)
Ragužová, Nicole ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Zusammenfassung Diese Diplomarbeit behandelt das traditionelle römischrechtliche Institut der Ersitzung und dessen heutige Regelung im tschechischen und deutschen Recht. Der Schwerpunkt liegt in den unterschiedlichen ideologischen Auffassungen beider Regelungen desselben Rechtsinstituts und dessen Wurzeln im römischen Recht. Für die tschechische Rechtsregelung und Rechtswissenschaft bildet das gültige österreichische bürgerliche Gesetzbuch ABGB, das bis zum Jahre 1950 der tschechoslowakische Zivilkodex war, die wichtigste Inspirationsquelle. Deswegen wird auch dem österreichischen ABGB beträchtlicher Raum gegeben. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist der Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Wertungsauffassungen in der deutschen und tschechischen Rechtswissenschaft, die die Voraussetzungen und Rechtsfolgen der Ersitzung auf vielen Ebenen beeinflussen. Im Interessenmittelpunkt stehen Streitfragen der Ersitzung und der Vergleich von deren Lösungen in beiden Rechtsordnungen unter Berücksichtigung sowohl der tschechischen Zivilistik der ersten Republik als auch der römischrechtlichen Zivilistik. Systematisch werden in der Arbeit die Regelungen der Ersitzung im römischen, deutschen und tschechischen Recht getrennt behandelt. Der erste Teil der Arbeit fasst die römischrechtliche Regelung zusammen, die in den folgenden...
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Wrongful birth, wrongful life
Špuláková, Eva ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
On the one hand means the development of medical science many new therapies and a greater chance of recovery for patients, on the other hand presents greater demands on the established lege artis procedure. In addition to professional medical procedure must follow the obligations arising from the doctor - patient relationship. The question is whether the doctor should be responsible for any negative consequences of his negligent conduct. Topic wrongful birth, wrongful life deals with fundamental human rights, legal protection of individual rights and responsibilities for the damage. The absence of explicit legislation on substantive issues means that the solution of the case can not be proceeded only by law. That is why I dealt for the most part of the work with foreign case law. The work consists of five parts. The first chapter is a general introduction to the topic. The second chapter includes selected foreign court decisions and presents individual problems which the courts deal with. At the end of the chapter referred to a ruling from the Czech Republic. In the following section are selected counter-arguments that were used foreign case law. In the fourth chapter, I tried to integrate the topic into the framework of national legislation. In the fifth chapter is summary. Foreign case law is not uniform....
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Implementation of the neminem laedere principle in civil law
Kubištová, Zuzana ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
The "Neminem Laedere" principle is one of the essential private law's principles. The statement "not to harm anyone" imposes to everyone to conduct him or herself in such a manner, in order not to inflict damage, not to contribute to the damage inception, and not to contribute to the damage escalation in the situation, when the damage is already caused. We can deduce, that this duty is not related just to the damage causing, but also to the causing of danger of possible damage. When the damage is already caused the principle means the statement to give the full compensation. Regarding to the central status of the Civil Code (Code nr. 40/1964) for the whole private law sector, I target my work at the implementation of the principle within the codification. The focal point of the "Neminem Laedere" principle implementation is part 6 of Civil Code - "The liability for the damage and for unjust enrichment". The function of this legal regulation is preventative-educational (it should influence the civil relations subjects to avoid the damage and not to cause it) and reparation-satisfaction (it should define the obligatory/beneficiary subject for the compensation of the damage and also define the manner, form and measure of the damage), but not the sanction. The "Neminem Laedere" principle acts in three levels in...
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Compensation of damage to health
Pak, Viktor ; Šustek, Petr (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
DAMAGES FOR INJURY - SUMMARY The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the present situation in the area of medical law and to find possible legal solutions which would contribute to its improvement. Damages for injury is one of the fastest developing areas of medical law. The legislation of liability for damage to health is contained primarily in the civil code and in some other statutes, of which the most important is the statute on health care of the people. The essential preconditions for the emergence of the liability for damage to health, as well as in the case of other responsibility for the damage, is; the violation of legal obligation, fault, damage and causation between the breach and damage. Each components its specificities. Most of the issues concern causation. Causation can be difficult to demonstrate with certainty due to the unpredictability of biological processes in the body. Courts usually require a 100% proof of it. In cases of liability for damage to health caused by the applied instrument or operational activities is not necessary to prove the fault or breach of legal obligation, which facilitates the position of claimants who seek damages. The basic legal obligation of the provider of health services is to follow the lege artis principle. This concept requires that the procedure be...
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Legal consequences of divorce of marriage with respect to property
Paseková, Martina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Frintová, Dita (referee)
Seznam literatury - 60 - LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF A DIVORCE IN PROPERTY AREA Summary Subject of my thesis is "Legal consequences of a divorce in property area". In the first chapters of this thesis I dealt in particular with the common property of spouses. I briefly described what belongs and what does not belong to the common property. Then I dealt with a divorce and its basic forms which are the so called divorce including identification of cause for breakdown of marriage, complicated divorce and divorce without identifying cause of breakdown of marriage. I focused mainly on the last mentioned form of a divorce which is often also called as a divorce based on agreement. This form of a divorce assumes that spouses are able to communicate with each other and that they are prepared and able to fulfill all the conditions required by law. A divorce based on an agreement of both spouses simplifies the divorce proceedings. The most important legal consequence of a divorce in property area is forfeiture of common property and property settlement. Common property settlement may be reached upon an agreement, by a court decision or upon a legal presumption. Similarly to a divorce the most simple way how to settle extinguished common property is an agreement made and signed by spouses who are able to agree on solution...
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Unmarried partnerships (a comparative study)
Žahourová, Zuzana ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Cohabitation (comparative study) The purpose of my thesis is comparison of actual state of coexistence between men and women. with the institution of marriage from the respective of private law. The tesis is composed of nine chapters. Each of them deal with a comparison of unmarried partnerships and mariiage from another perspective. Moreover the paper also contains the intoduction and the conclusion. Chapter number one generally defines the concepts od family, cohabitation and marriage. Chapter number two provides a view of cohabitation and marriage in terms of their origin. Chapter number three compares unmarried cohabitation and marriage in terms of their extinction. The fourth chapter is subdivided into two parts. Part one describes personal relationships between unmaried partners, the second deals with the same relationships between spouses. The fifth chapter contains a discussion of property relations between unmarried partners, and spouses. Contents included under subsections interpretation of marriage relates to the origin of community property, its subject, the administration of the property, modifying agreements between husbands and termination of community property. Chapter number six deals with the relationships between cohabitants and spouses to the child and parental responsibility....
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Consequences of defects in legal acts
Piatka, Juraj ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
The purpose of this master's degree thesis is to analyze a fundamental area of Civil Law - the consequences of defects in legal acts. The reason for this research is that this area of law is of great importance mainly but not limited to the contractual obligations and the numerous changes introduced by the new statute, the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, gave rise to a large number of potential issues. The main objective is to provide a general overview of legal consequences of defective legal acts in order to better understand the context and the development in this area. The differences between particular consequences are appropriately highlighted and, where relevant, the paper provides comparison with the former legislation and points out the significant case law. The paper is composed of the Introduction, three Chapters and the Conclusion. Chapter One is introductory and defines the concept of "legal acts" and its essentials. In addition, a notion of defects in legal acts is presented. Chapter Two is an analysis of the various consequences of defects in legal acts. It is subdivided into four parts. Part One describes the new concept of non-existence in detail and the most disputable areas are discussed. It is argued that the concept of non- existence, although theoretically sound, does...
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Alternative forms of family cohabitation
Zdražilová, Alena ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee)
The title of the "Alternative forms of family cohabitation" includes two relative sections - different sex cohabitants and same sex cohabitants. This title analyses the prior, actual and future situation of sex cohabitants and these legislative forms in Czech Republic. The title concerns their evolution, genesis, destruction, duties and rights persons of different sex cohabitants and persóns of same sex cohabitants in the privat and public area. The tendency of this title is critical evaluation the actual legal regulations and the necessity of the new legal rebulations and this in the case of the same sex cohabitants and in the different sex cohabitants.
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