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World and thoughts of non-tolerated religious communities in eastern bohemia during 18th and 19th centuries
Taich, Tomáš ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor)
The phenomenon of disident religious groups in Bohemia and Moravia in the end of the 18th Century and during 19th Century is tightly connected with illegal protestantism before the tolerationist patent of 1781. These non-tolerated communities surfaced in the same regions as secret evangelical, and then newly formed reformed and lutheran churches. Also their base thoughts were formed by the same book titles as it was with the later official protestants, and the phenomenon is tied with the evangelical church even with a few names of important leaders from the time of illegality. Tolerationist reality was a distinctive move from the times of catholic monopoly, but it offered way too strict rules that did not take in consideration the specific way of Czech reformation. Some of the evangelics then, being raised in family tradition and by hidden and smuggled literature and supported by pietistic churches in Prussia, Silesia and Lustaia, did not always find room for themselves in the newly formed churches and rather postulated themselves as the third, illegal side. As the time went on, their theology seems to accent more of a pantheistic meanings and a radical departure from the common world. Popularity were also gaining different prophecies of religious or social turn over. Later in 19th Century it is quite...
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Inquiry Strategies in Early Modern Period - Inquiry Methods of Judges and Defence Strategies of Offenders in Case of Adultery, Incest and Bigamy in Early Modern Bohemia and Moravia
Pinzová, Lenka ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Himl, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis is a follow-up to an earlier bachelor thesis, whose main theme was a study of three immoral offences (adultery, incest and bigamy) in early modern Bohemia and Moravia. Subsequent thesis follows the general classification of the above mentioned offences and deals with the problems of the court interrogation itself in the same period and territory. It presents more detailed thematic survey of inquiry methods of judges and defence strategies of accused men and women with respect to the gender aspect. Thus it shows on one hand the methods the judges have on their's disposal to achieve a confession of the accused ones, on the other hand it concerns the tactic that the accused ones were using to defend themselves in quest of persuading the court of their innocence and justifying their honour. The thesis also deals with the problems of an early modern model of femininity and masculinity that can be found in criminal theory and judiciary practice. We can see it in the language of early modern criminal codes and in the court statements of accused men and women as well. The thesis is based on a study of early modern legislative texts (criminal codes) and edited court books.
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"Disciplination" of popular classes, a reform of elementary education and educational literature in Czech-speaking regions from 1774 to 1805
Kneblík, Michal ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This diploma thesis decribes the practical aspect of education on minor schools in Bohemia throught the Czech educational literature with regard to theories of 'civilization' and 'disciplination' of Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault from 1774 to 1805. Firstly, it focuses on a general context of reforms on the field of primary education in the Habsburg monarchy and especially in Bohemia. It analyses 'school returns'(fase) - the unique source about reforms - after a theoretical part concerns theories of Elias and Foucault and its possible application to the study of education. It outlines the literature used for the education on the basis of 'returns' and the key handbook of J. I. Felbiger Kniha methodní. There were a Catechism, a Spelling-book, Books for reading, the Kniha methodní itself, O pravém způsobu cvičení mládeže from A. V. Pařízek and a Catechism of Health just on the edge. Finally, after their analysis and in the context of forenamed theories, we dare to express some ideas about a school discipline, relations between school, family and body and about a construction of pattern of subject which was influencing an opinion of popular classes at the end of eighteenth century.
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