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Partial Oxidation of High-Boiling Hydrocarbon Mixtures on the Pilot Unit
Hanika, Jiří ; Lederer, J. ; Nečesaný, F. ; Nečesaný, F., jr. ; Poslední, W. ; Tukač, V. ; Veselý, Václav
The research on partial oxidation (POX) of high-boiling hydrocarbons with oxygen in the presence of water vapor was motivated to ensure increased demand on hydrogen, which is essential for a deeper hydrorefining of petroleum oils to ensure better quality of motor fuels. Experiments on improved pilot apparatus installed in Litvínov, UNIPETROL, a.s. have been implemented in cooperation the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, a.s., Ústí n. l., Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals AS CR, v. v. i., and Institute of Chemical Technology Prague. In the course of tests have been demonstrated good performance of the pilot plant unit and reproducibility of the experiment as well. A significant impact water vapor on the selectivity of the partial oxidation of high-boiling hydrocarbons with regard to the composition of the exhaust gas was detected in the study. Furthermore, it was stated that hydrogen content of the reaction product being during the partial oxidation of mixture of visbreaking distillate and residue, diluted with pyrolysis fuel oil reached 50 percent. Content of components in a gaseous product was in very good conformity with a synthesis gas composition produced by the plant unit of the UNIPETROL RPA Co., designed and build according to the license of the Shell Co.
Fulltext: content.csg -  PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22013102415180 - PDF
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Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Biomass/Oil Dispersion
Hanika, Jiří ; Lederer, J. ; Nečesaný, F. ; Poslední, W. ; Tukač, V. ; Veselý, Václav
Paper brings main results of research project Investigation of hydrogen and synthesis gas production by gasification of waste biomass from biofuels production, supported by Ministry of Industry and Trade of the CR. Also fresh results reached in frame of a subsequent applied research project Pilot plant unit support for POX Process – identification of external feedstock are discussed as well. Catalytic effect of iron nanoparticles or nickel nitrate as catalysts in improvement of the pilot plant biomass/oil partial oxidation was confirmed in the study.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22014050212440 - PDF
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Jerusalem Artichokes - a Source of Valuable Nutrients
Rousková, Milena ; Barnet, M. ; Sobek, Jiří ; Veselý, Václav
Topinambury jsou rostliny z čeledi hvězdicovitých a zvonkovitých, kde inulin nahrazuje škrob ve funkci zásobní látky. Najít ho můžeme především hlízách. Topinambury lze využít jako potravinářskou surovinu pro lidi nebo i ke krmivářským účelům pro zvířata. Nezanedbatelný je i podíl stvolů pro možné energetické využití. Hlízy lze sklízet od podzimu do jara a lze je konzumovat syrové dle kreativity dietologa nebo kulináře. Je možné je i sušit a přidávat je pak do jídla pro zvýšení obsahu vlákniny. Je možné využít jednak dřeně nebo šťávy. Energetický obsah hlíz topinambur je 3 až 3,5 MJ/kg.
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Thin Film Composite Membrane for Effective Raw Biogas Upgrading to Pipeline Quality Methane
Kárászová, Magda ; Vejražka, Jiří ; Veselý, Václav ; Friess, K. ; Randová, A. ; Jansen, J. C. ; Izák, Pavel
In this contribution we propose a method to upgrade biogas to the same quality of fuel standard natural gas. The latter contains more than 95 vol. % of methane. Using traditional membranes, such concentration of methane in the retentate could only be achieved using a multistep process. A recently proposed method for raw biogas purification from impurities and carbon dioxide by condensing water on swollen thin film composite membranes was found to be highly effective. The hydrophilic reverse osmosis membrane promotes the formation of a very thin selective water layer under condensing conditions below the dew point of the raw biogas feed. The large difference in permeability of the impurities in raw biogas (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) and methane through the water layer enables upgrading of raw biogas to biomethane quality in a single stage. Contrary to the classical purification processes, the proposed method does not require any biogas pretreatment, which makes this approach economically attractive. It represents an innovative approach to production of biomethane from biogas.
Fulltext: content.csg - PDF
Plný tet: SKMBT_C22012102413470 - PDF
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Comparison of specific demographic and economic indicators in the Czech Republic and Sweden
Veselý, Václav ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Löster, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor thesis describes differences and similarities in the demographic development between the Czech Republic and Sweden. The first part is focused on the systems of family policy in both countries. In the Czech Republic the main tool is the financial support for families with children. In Sweden the main aim is to provide mothers opportunities for both child care and their profession. In the next part it is written down the development of demographical indicators in the last 20 years. In the Czech Republic there is obvious the aging of population, while in Sweden the aging is not so strong. In the last 20 years the value of total fertility rate dropped at first, but later it rose again. In both countries women postpone childbearing into their higher ages. After standardization it's obvious that mortality in Sweden is much lower than in the Czech Republic. Life expectancy is rising in both countries. Both countries belong to the top of the world according to infant and neonatal mortality. Due to the decline in number of marriages after the year 1990 in the Czech Republic nowadays the marriage rate is at the similar level as in Sweden. Migration increase is quite variable, but both countries show permanently positive values. Both countries are compared according to the proportion of social protection expenditures on GDP or according to the total tax rate. In both indicators Sweden belongs to the countries with the highest level in Europe. At the end of the thesis the relationship between social policy and development of demographic indicators (especially birth rate) is shown. For the Czech Republic it's recommended to increase the number of nursery schools and to support part-time job.
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