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"Langue" and "norm": contribution to analysis of relationship of two linguistic notions
Januška, Jiří ; Elšík, Viktor (referee) ; Starý, Zdeněk (advisor)
The aim of this text is to contribute to the clarification of the relationship of two linguistic notions: langue and norm. Ignoring the notion of norm as it is treated in the theory of the standard language, the goal of this text is to better understand what it means when linguists relate the general notion of norm to langue. A review of conceptions of the langue-norm relationship developed by some of 20th century linguists serves as a basis for this analysis, in particular conceptions by F. de Saussure, some linguists of Prague School of Linguistics, L. Hjelmslev, T. Milewski, E. Coseriu, and E. Itkonen. This historical review is followed by a "typology" of these conceptions, and notes on some general aspects of langue-norm relationship.
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The situation of Romani in the Czech Republic
Kubaník, Pavel ; Elšík, Viktor (referee) ; Nekvapil, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis focuses on the current situation of the so-called North Central dialects of Romani in the Czech Republic. It summarizes the findings of a recent sociolinguistic research of the language situation of Romani carried out by the Seminar of Romani Studies (Charles University, Faculty of Arts) in 2007-2009. The thesis adds some new analyses and interpretations of the collected data and achieved findings. The opening parts of the thesis describe the historical context of post-war Czechoslovakia and its influences on the situation of the Romani language as depicted in historical, sociological, sociolinguistic and other studies. The following parts cover the methodology used in the recent sociolinguistic research on the competence in Romani in the young generation of Roma and analyse the data from the perspective of the limits of the methodology, and present some correlations relevant to the current situation of Romani. The results of the current sociociolinguistic research reveal that in the youngest generation of Roma in the Czech Republic there is approximately one third of people with an active competence in Romani. In view of the changes that affected Roma and the Romani culture in post-war period especially in the Czech part of the former Czechoslovakia, this estimate seems to be surprisingly high....
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Conditional clauses in Central Romani
Vránová, Eliška ; Beníšek, Michael (referee) ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor)
The aim of this study is an analysis of the structure and function of conditional clauses in Central Romani, i.e. in the traditional code of the sedentary Romani population in the Czech Republic and in the area of the former Hungarian empire. The analysis of conditional clauses focuses on formal aspects of their structure, especially types of subordinators or temporal-aspectual marking of the verb, as well as on their function, mainly semantic roles of conditional clauses. The data is presented from the onomasiological perspective, i.e. various forms are discussed which are used for coding a particular meaning. Dialectological differences between the studied varieties of Central Romani are pointed out, as well.
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The basic traits of culture and language of Sinti Roma: case study
Berkyová, Renata ; Červenka, Jan (referee) ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor)
Je patrné, že prostredie, čas a ďalšie faktory mali výrazný dopad na to, v akom štádiu je súčasný stav používania sintštiny a uchovávania špecifických tradícií a zvykov. V dobe, keď sa zakladatelia rodiny usadili v lokalite, to znamená zhruba v štyriciatych rokoch minulého storočia, bola jazyková situácia v rodine na vysokej úrovni, sintština sa užívala každodenne. Na živosť jazyka mal pozitívny vplyv hlavne kočovný spôsob života, vďaka ktorému rodina nikdy nemala dostatok času sa asimilovať a plne osvojovať cudzí jazyk. Skutočnosť, že sintštinou dnes nehovorí plynule ani jeden člen rodiny žijúci v skúmanej lokalite, ovplyvňovali faktory, ktoré sa vzájomne prelínajú a je len ťažké odhadnúť, ktorý z nich mal na stratu spôsobilosti najväčší negatívny dopad. Zásadným zlomom v rodine bolo bezpochyby jej usadenie. Rodina, ktorá po celé generácie kočovala, 53 bola zrazu usadená na jednom mieste a nútená sa uživiť. Poľahčujúcou okolnosťou však bolo, že otec rodiny, Albert, sa podľa dostupných materiálov v lokalite narodil a počas kočovania sa tu niekoľkokrát s rodinou na pár dní zastavil. Po usadení museli čeliť novým situáciám, pri ktorých iná možnosť, než sa prispôbiť, príliš nebola. V dedine sa usadili v šeregu, v osade medzi slovenskými Rómami. A samozrejme prichádzali do styku omnoho častejšie s gádžami. Bolo...
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