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Effect of coniferous monoculture plantation on plant species dversity
Němeček, Jakub ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Douda, Jan (referee)
A structure and a function of a monoculture woodland is diferent from the natural woodland condition. This is an influence of a herb layer diversity. The change of the herb layer are mainly distinguishable in the case of tree coniferous monoculture. They are the poorest at all of them viewpoint diverzity. The diversity of the woodland was analysed with an insuffiently consequence. This study get the knowledge about the species composition and the diversity of these monoculture. At the same time get the knowlege about next factores, which change diversity and species composition of stand. As a confirmation of this, coniferous monoculture are numerously and species-compositionally diferent from broadleave monoculture. And more, coniferous trees change the enviroment's condition and the whole biotopes. There are not depend any species of the herb layer at the coniferous monoculture on this studied site of Křivoklátsko.
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Spoil heap heterogenity and its effect on vegetation
Pochmanová, Pavla ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
One of the major industrial activities in North West Bohemia is brown coal mining. Mines and heaps originated during the mining process represent main elements of adverse changes in the local landscape. They are causes of changes of all subsystems of landscape, soil and mineral environment, water situation, atmosphere, etc. Subsequent recovering of these impacts of mining activities is not easy in terms of technology or time. Reclamation engages in such activities. Its aim is to restore production function of land and to create a balanced, aesthetically, naturally and hygienically valuable landscape. This thesis deals with the development of mining and descriptions of various methods of reclamation with regard to the heterogeneity of reclaimed areas. In conclusion, own experiments carried on the surface of succession area "Radovesice XVII.B" are presented. Key words: succession, land reclamation, heaps tailings, mining activity and heterogenity
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Vegetation diversity of abandoned settlements
Poslová, Kateřina ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I am concerned with influence of abandoned settlement and historical land use on vegetation. I am interested in settlements of different age and type - from ancient settlements, medieval castles and villages to villages that were abandoned in modern times. I am also concerned in diversity, composition and development of plant communities and with influence on soils. I am also interested in the question of persistence of anthropogenic influence on landscape. Settlement and land use largely influence landscape. They alter diversity of vegetation, quality of soil and relief of landscape. These changes can be lasting or maybe irreversible. Nutrients are acumulated and pH is risen in abandoned settlements. Nitrophilous and ruderal species are also much more frequent than in ancient forests around. Human can enrich diversity of vegetation in landscape by his influence. Mutual comparison of influence between similar types of settlements in landscapes with different climate and sub-soil may be another direction in future research. Key words: abandoned settlements, medieval castles, villages, diversity, vegetation, secondary forest, historical land use, nutrients, pH
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Fytocenological survey of the wetland in Řevnice and proposal for its revitalization
Szücsová, Veronika ; Čihař, Martin (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
This study deals with the main environmental factor that can influence river bank vegetation on the site V Túních in Central bohemia, near Berounka river. This is the rest of the old river arm of the river Berounka which is adjacent to the soft meadow willow, poplar and meadow communities. The site is now heavily influenced by human activities and the pool is becoming degraded, part of the work is to propose measures for their protection Phytosociological survey and mapping of plant communities was carried, . The pH, conductivity, water level, moisture and organic matter in soil were measured. Effect of these enviornmental parameters on vegeration composition was explored using CCA. Tracking the historical development of plant cover using orotofotomap from 1950, 1976, 1985, 1994 and 2008 show komplete removal of woody vegetating in 50s and their regeneration. The proposed management is recommended to remove or reduce the incidence of invasive plants and invasive species, restore the hydrological regime of the artificial deepening of the pool.
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Species diversity of meadows and pastures on small spatial scale
Bartoš, Michael ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Skálová, Hana (referee)
Grazing seems to be not only means of conserving species diversity of grasslands but also - in many cases - of its increasing. This thesis tries to find out the mechanisms of grazing that result in increased or decreased species diversity. The experiment was proceeded in Slupenec, a part of Český Krumlov, where horse pastures are situated. In order to compare grazing and mowing I collected phytosociological data from plots 1 x 1 mš. I also collected data about soil moisture, composition and pH in order to find out the main gradients in vegetation. The vegetation data from plots 20 x 20 cmš were collected before and after grazing on three pasturelands. In the chosen locality, higher level of plant species diversity have been proven on pastures in comparison with meadows. There is significantly higher percentage of plots contributing to the higher level of ß diversity on pastures than on meadows. At the same time the variability of vegetation was in most cases explained by the categorial variable pasture / meadow. Concerning selectivity of grazing, it has been proven that horses prefer grazing on species with greater cover abundance. The plots with lower rate of grazed species have got higher ß diversity. In terms of functional traits of plants, it has been proven that higher percentage of no-rosette...
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Effect of wild boar on dry grasslands
Horčičková, Eva ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Hejcmanová, Pavla (referee)
The study was focused on disturbances by wild boar (Sus scrofa) and their impact on vegetation of semi-dry grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) dominated by Brachypodium pinnatum. The research was conducted in military area Hradiště in hilly region of the Doupovské hory. Wild boar rooting activities is main source of disturbances regime in this abandoned, previously agricultural area. The vegetation of artificial small scale soil disturbances was compared to undisturbed control plots and vegetation of natural disturbances by wild boar. Experimental plots were established during the summer 2007. Consequently a vegetation survey of these plots was carried out and soil was mechanically disturbed. Succession on disturbances was annually monitored. The surrounding natural disturbances were also mapped three times a year as a potential source of diaspores and to assess their frequency and effect on the landscape level. The list of species in the 2m, 4m and 16m distance from the experimental plot was also made. Results: Disturbances by wild boar increased species diversity and spatial heterogeneity of semi-dry grasslands. There were some species found on experimental plot, which were present not in the surrounding matrix. Most of them belong to hemicryptophytes and species with long-term persistent diaspores. Presence of...
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Influence of local woody species coverage on herb vegetation on a small spatial scale
Kubát, Miloš ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Roleček, Jan (referee)
English abstract This work aims on influence of local coverage of woody layer on understorey herbs. Expansion of woody species into semi-natural grassland ecosystems is accompanied by increase of local coverage of woody layer. This process leads to changes of environmental conditions in understorey, that is followed by extinction of heliophillous herb species. This works deals with this phenomenon on a small spatial scale. The research took place near former village Tocov, situated in an abandoned landscape in Doupovské hory. This locality is typical example of woody species expansion into species rich grassland. Here, 399 phytocoenological relevés were collected. These relevés are ordered into triplets, that make triangles. There are local coverage of woody layer measured for each relevé. Impact of this variable was tested in two sizes of the observation window. Single relevés present microsites, while whole triplets present sites, where variability of local covarage of woody layer, leading to variability in herb layer, could be distinguished. Number of herb species is linearly negatively correlated with local coverage of woody layer on a smaller scale of single relevés. In whole triplets, increase of local coverage of woody layer, during early stages of woody species expansion, doesn't lead to decrease of...
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