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Residential social care centers with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use
Černíková, Tereza ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Background: Substance abuse is usually associated with young people, but occurs also among elderly for whom the abuse of alcohol and other substances poses an increased risk of a whole range of health and social harms. The current system of addictological care in the Czech Republic is not systematically focused on the target group of elderly and this target group is rather at the edge of attention. Nevertheless, in the Czech Republic there are social services, residential social care centres with special regime for elderly people with a dependency problem. These programs are similar to the nursing homes for aging drug users known from abroad. Aims: The aim of this work is to describe the characteristics of residential social care centres with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use in the Czech Republic in the areas of clients of the facilities, methods of work with the target group, personnel and funding of the facilities. Methods: An on-line cross-sectional questionnaire study and descriptive data analysis were conducted. According to the Registry of Social Service Providers in the Czech Republic there is 16 residential social care centres with special regime for substance abusers and persons at risk of substance use, all of them were chosen for the study....
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Attitudes of tobacco smokers towards health warnings on packages of tobacco products introduced in 2016
Červenková, Agáta ; Kulhánek, Adam (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: In the tobacco industry, cigarette packaging has always been a marketing instrument that responds to new trends in fashion and taste, but it also actively helps create and endorse these trends. A combined Health warning on cigarette packages has proven to be the least financially demanding tobacco control solution, which affects more or less all tobacco users. Aim: The aim of the present study is to look into the opinions and responses of Czech smokers in relation to the Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of The Council of 3 April 2014 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States concerning the manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products. Methods: The data was collected using quantitative-qualitative online questionnaire survey among the customers of the "Relay". Volunteers were recruited in the shop, consent with study participation was obtained and the questionnaire was sent to their email addresses. Overall, 283 questionnaires were sent out, out of which 276 were included in the final analysis. In terms of gender, women were prevalent (54%), with men constituting 45%. Two individuals left the gender field blank. The mean age of participants was 37. Results: The results imply that the...
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Changes on the opiate scene in the Czech Republic after 1990 and analysis of current situation among problem opioid users: a survey of clients in Czech low-threshold treatment programmes
Malinovská, Jana ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
Opioid use among problem drug users in the CR can be divided into several developmental periods, starting with the heroin epidemic after 1990 with the decline of methamphetamine use and followed by leakage of buprenorphine products to the black market. There is currently a continuous use of buprenorphine from the black market and an increase in use of opioid analgesics. The theoretical part of the work was concerned with the development of opioid use in the Czech Republic after 1990 and with the trends during the years from 1990 until the present. The practical part consisted of a cross-sectional study; a semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The research sample was made of 68 clients who had previously used an opioid drug and visited the Prague contact centres Drop In, o.p.s. and Stage 5, Progressive, o.p.s. where the data were collected during December 2016 and February 2017. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The most used opioids in the last month were Subutex®, Suboxone® and heroin, to the lesser extent opium and fentanyl. Czech "braun", methadone, Vendal®, morphine and Addnok® were used only sporadically. Respondents had also experience with use of other opioids, such as Palladone®, Tramal®, Ravata® and codeine. The most common form of drug application...
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Prevalence and patterns of alcohol use and efficacy of personalised feedback - community intervention study
Liška, Jiří ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (referee)
Risk drinking in all directions is confirmed by a set of solid scientific evidence. It has an impact on both the health of the individual and his social life and the people around him. Most of the effects are evident in people who drink often high doses of alcohol. An important factor is thus both the frequency and amount of alcohol consumed, which together form the pattern of alcohol use, which geographically and culturally different. Alcohol use is trying to regulate government through alcohol treatment measures, such as increasing the price of alcohol, strict rules regarding driving under the influence. The aim of this study was to explore the status and patterns of alcohol use on the territory of a small village Jindřichovice the Region, and to determine the short-term effects of a single dose of personal feedback ties on risk alcohol consumption on people living there. Studies show that personal feedback associated with short interventions are effective means for reducing alcohol use. Intervention was conducted controlled field study in a group of 111 people (63 men, 48 women) aged 20-76 years (mean 46 years), which were detected using a questionnaire quantities consumed each day in the previous week. Respondents were before the first polling randomly divided into 2 groups according to the...
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Substance use and gambling among children in juvenile detention (diagnostic) centres in the Czech Republic
Kovaříková, Veronika ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: Various studies describe the emergence of addiction as a negative interplay of bio- psycho- social factors. It was found that children and adolescents who get into diagnos- tic institutions are exposed to multiple factors that increase the likelihood of developing problematic behaviours, substance abuse and gambling than the general population. It is thus likely that in the future they will be more vulnerable to addiction than the general population. Objectives: Main goals of this research were to provide an overview of the situation of sub- stance abuse among children and adolescents in diagnostic institutes in the Czech Republic and to compare selected data with results of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs of 2011 (ESPAD). Another objective was to find the specifics of drug abuse and gambling in clients of diagnostic centres in different parts of the Czech Republic. Methods: Data for this study were collected by the interviewer using a questionnaire, which was inspired by the questionnaire from the ESPAD survey and was also extended to include issues related to gambling. Data were processed by descriptive analysis in MS Excel. Results: The results show that boys use addictive substances and play betting games more often than girls. Daily smoking was...
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The use of psychotropic substances in the "goth" subculture
Jurnikl, Radek ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
The thesis mapping the use of psychotropic substances in the specific youth subcultures - Goth, which the author himself is a member. The theoretical part is briefly sketched the definition of culture and subcultures, and describes Goth subculture for notion of the survey respondents. It then states the author's previous research, which was conducted in Prague on monthly social event, and presents the results of population surveys on annual reports to compare the obtained data. The practical section provides the actual data from 169 respondents to a comprehensive lifetime, annual and monthly experience with psychotropic substance and the author states as well as daily and risk taking. It describes the process using a web questionnaire self- selection and focus groups for evaluation questionnaire. Questionnaire examine frequency of use of the twelve groups of psychotropic substances, risk taking (CAGE, CAST, Fageström test), and asked about the possible addiction (According to the criteria of ICD - 10). In discussion, the author considers the possibilities of improving the questionnaire, using other quantitative methods for research and compares the specified prevalence data and presents a risk (3 or more points CAGE reached 7.3 % of men and 5.3 % women, strong dependence on nicotine mentions 20 %...
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Problem drug use in the Prague's quarter without functioning specialised harm reduction programme
Jičinská, Lucie ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
The bachelor paper undertakes a topic of problem drug use, it's development, nature, range of consequences for individuals and the society. It's focused onrecentsituation inproblem drug use in the Czech Republic and Prague, onwork of low-threshold services for problem drug users, drug policy of capital city and particular part of the city. The aim of the research was to analyse the situation of problem drug use in Prague's quarter Michle, where no specialized low-threshold program for drug users is operating. The intention was to find out whether problem drug use exists in the area, what is it's prevalence, patterns, specifics, and whether the low-threshold program is needed. The Rapid Assessment and Response methodologywas used as a method of data collection and analysis - analysis of available data and materials (annual reports of organizations, materials of Prague drug policy) and semi-structured interviews with key informants (problem drug users, representatives of institutions, workers of Prague low-threshold services, locals and informants in the service sector). The views of the overwhelming majority of respondents agree, support and complement each other. Problem drug use is occurring in the Michle district and has its own characteristics (a high proportion of users of buprenorphine, less...
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Well-being and tobacco and alcohol use in the Czech general population
Oščipovská, Barbora ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Drbohlavová, Barbora (referee)
Since positive psychology was founded the interest is moving from pathology to the impact of positive effects on humans. The concept of well-being starts to be further discussed and become an important part of drug policies. This document discusses the relationship between the rate of alcohol and tobacco use and well-being among Czech general population. This is an online questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. To determine the rate of tobacco use the scale HSI (Heaviness of Smoking Index) was used, for information about the extent of alcohol use was chosen the questionnaire AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and for measurement of well-being was selected a questionnaire, which was standardized for Czech population: SQUALA (Subjective Quality of Life Analysis). Data were processed using the statistical program IBM SPSS 21, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation. The results show that the rate of tobacco use is linked to wellbeing. The hypothesis whether the rate of alcohol is related to wellbeing was not clearly confirmed, even if the results suggest the relationship in terms of a lower quality of life with increasing alcohol consumption. Key words: well-being, alcohol, tobacco, czech general population, Heaviness of Smoking Index, AUDIT, SQUALA
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Socioeconomic status and criminal problems of problematic opioids and metamphetamine users
Zittová, Lucie ; Mravčík, Viktor (advisor) ; Nechanská, Blanka (referee)
of the thesis Introduction: This dissertation focuses on socioeconomic status and problems with law of problematic opioid and methamphetamine users. Long-term intensive use of drugs leads not only to health impacts, but also social such as the inability of financial autonomy, indebtedness, unemployment, failure to comply with the respective social roles, fiduciary social functioning, poor housing etc. Great number of users are influenced by the drug in situations such as interpersonal relationship, family functioning and partnerships, there is a change of social status, social isolation or exclusion. Effective interventions and service development should always start with a good knowledge of the situation and needs of the user, who claims the service. Claim: The goal of this thesis is finding socioeconomic status and criminal situation of problematic methamphetamine and opioids users consequently draw recommendations towards services that work with these clients. Methods: Cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried among clients who have started a treatment episode or contacted selected facility type such as a contact centre, psychiatric AT ambulance, therapeutic community, medium-term inpatient treatment or replacement therapy. Recruitment into the study took place from June 2015 until October...
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Descriptive analysis and evaluation of the opioid substitution treatment in Kazakhstan
Čečeleva, Olga ; Zábranský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mravčík, Viktor (referee)
Background: In Kazakhstan, opioid substitution therapy (OST) has been a controversial topic since its introduction in 2008. Aim: To examine and analyse factors influencing approach towards OST among OST patients, opioid-dependent drug users who could re-consider engagement in this therapeutic method, as well as attitudes of selected key organisations and their representatives. Methods: A survey method complemented by semi-structured individual and group interviews has been selected. One hundred respondents participated in the study between October and December 2015. The first group consisted of 46 OST patients. The second group consisted of 54 respondents who met criteria for opioid dependence. This group included patients of residential treatment centres, former OST patients and current injecting drug users. Key persons were interviewed about their attitudes. Results: Patients receiving OST, with the average treatment duration of 29.4 months, reported improved health, improved social functioning and financial well-being, as well as reduction of their involvement in crime. This group showed better results in all examined categories. Most (80 %) were satisfied with the treatment, even though a number of shortcomings have been reported. All OST patients considered necessary to expand the availability...
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