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Czech adaptation of the Death Attitude Profile Revised questionnaire
Horáková, Anna ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Dragomirecká, Eva (referee)
The thesis describes the phenomenon of attitudes towards death, its types and possible influences and offers an overview of methods to measure attitudes towards death. The aim of the thesis is to create Czech items of the Death attitude profile revised questionnaire. The thesis verifies the reliability of individual factors of the Czech version, which reaches excellent values (α = 0.925) to acceptable values (α = 0.652) for individual factors. The thesis verifies the five- factor model, which reaches borderline values of acceptability and according to the results of exploratory factor analysis proposes research on modification of the model for the Czech version (omitting the first item and changing the loading of item 17 as a reverse item to the factor fear of death). The thesis also estimates the validity of the questionnaire by attempting to replicate the findings of previous studies dealing with the psychometric properties of the original questionnaire and its other adaptations. This involves the correlation of factors and differences in attitudes towards death by gender, age and religious-spiritual beliefs. The findings of earlier studies regarding differences between these groups have been largely replicated. Furthermore, the thesis presents a complementary analysis of qualitative data,...
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Psychological aspects of the use of digital technologies in toddlers
Šustrová, Anna ; Hocko Fajnerová, Iveta (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the psychological aspects of toddlers' use of digital technology and the attitude of parents of toddlers towards their children's use of technology. The first section of the literature review deals with the specifics of toddlerhood in terms of physical, cognitive, socio-emotional development and in terms of toddler-parent interaction. Furthermore, the literature review focuses on the definition of the term digital technology, the characteristics of selected digital technologies and the way they are used by toddlers. The thesis also discusses existing research that addresses the potential impact of digital technologies on child development. Existing research mapping parental attitudes towards children's use of digital technologies is also presented. The empirical part of the paper aims to map the attitudes of parents of toddlers towards their children's use of digital technology. Through parents' responses, the thesis then indirectly maps the specifics of toddler's technology use in terms of amount of time, content of activities, device preferences, and how digital technology is conveyed to the child. The research was conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire that was designed for the purpose of this thesis. Respondents were selected for the research using a...
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Predicting accuracy in Multiple Object Tracking tasks from trajectory statistics
Chembrolu, Surya Prakash ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Antolík, Ján (referee)
Title: Predicting accuracy in Multiple Object Tracking tasks from trajectory statistics Author: Surya Prakash Chembrolu Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: Mgr. Filip Děchtěrenko, Ph.D., Department of Software and Com- puter Science Education Abstract: Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary area covering neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and computer science. Computer science and cognitive science mutually benefit from each other because computer science is very helpful to design and perform experiments in order to understand how the brain works likewise research output from cognitive science can lead to new con- cepts and models in artificial intelligence. Within cognitive science, Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) paradigm is used to study visual attention. In MOT experiments, participants are required to keep track of some moving objects in parallel. In this study, a data-driven approach is taken in order to explain the tracking performance of the subjects taking part in MOT experiments. The stimuli in MOT known as trajectories or tracks presented in previous studies were taken and the difficulty of those trajectories is quantified based on trajec- tory statistics. Then a model is created to explain tracking performance and this model is tested...
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Deception techniques in data visualization
Augulis, David ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee)
Klíčová slova (anglicky): Data visualization, deception, deceptive techniques, graphs, interventions, visual literacy Abstract (in English): Deceptive data visualization techniques are an increasingly emerging phenomenon. Previously, even simple visualizations were so costly and labor-intensive to create that one could rely on the authority of their creators. However, this is no longer true and anyone with access to a computer and the Internet is able to create an unprecedented number of visualizations, some of them deceptive, intentionally or not. Visual literacy is not part of basic education, and so most people have no way to defend themselves against them. In this bachelor thesis, we summarize existing knowledge regarding deceptive techniques and research areas that clarify how visualizations can be deceptive. In the practical part, we measured the effect size of 9 deceptive techniques, 5 of which have not yet been tested on a sample of university students (N=724). We also investigated how this deceptiveness is modified by the presence of a one-time textual intervention, for which we created several levels, increasing in their detail. At the same time, we also measured the visual literacy of all participants and observed whether the level of this ability affected the effect of deceptive techniques. A...
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Validity study of the assessment method CAS2
Závorková, Adéla ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the profile of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the Cognitive Processes Diagnostic Battery (CAS2). The literature review section places the theory of the cognitive processes of planning, attention, simultaneous and subsequent information processing (PASS) in the context of current theories of intelligence, which it divides according to the approach to its investigation. It presents the PASS theory together with the work of Luria on which it is based. It then presents the basic characteristics of the CAS2 test, which is an operationalisation of the PASS theory. It also discusses the characteristics and diagnostic criteria of ADHD and finally presents studies focusing on the profile of cognitive processes in children with ADHD. The empirical part presents a clinical study focusing on the Czech population of children with ADHD in the CAS2 test. The measured scores of the research population were significantly lower than the general population on the simultaneous and subsequent information processing scales, and the overall IQ of the cohort was also significantly lower. However, the impaired results were expected especially on the planning scale. The findings are interpreted in the context of how information is processed and how different...
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Effect of Screen Size on Boundary Extension
Šimčík, Natálie ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
When observing and remembering a scene, memory errors can occur, one of them being the boundary extension. This cognitive phenomenon causes people to remember parts of the scenes that might be present just beyond the boundaries of a presented scene but were not actually seen by the observer. Thesis focuses on the aspect possibly affecting the boundary extension, precisely the screen size, which was linked to cognitive phenomena such as memory or attention in previous studies. First part of the thesis consists of a theoretical overview introducing the scene perception topic and mapping the boundary extension findings. Second part of the thesis describes the experiment results to investigate whether screen size affects the boundary extension. No significant effect on measured boundary extension was found in two selected screen sizes, mobile and desktop. Keywords boundary extension, screen size, cognitive psychology, scene perception
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Psychometric analysis of newly developed virtual reality application
Hurych, Jan ; Hocko Fajnerová, Iveta (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
The thesis deals with the determination of psychometric properties of the scores of the newly developed application "Flies". This application is a serious virtual reality game for cognitive screening. The theoretical part first explains the concept of virtual reality in the context of psychological testing and then presents the advantages and disadvantages of this revolutionary technology. Relevant psychological functions are also mentioned, especially attention, which are important for performing well in the VR application Flies. In the last section, the theory related to ascertaining validity and reliability is presented. The development of this application, including two pilot studies, is described in the practical section. Reliability was ascertained using Bland Altman graphs of Limits of Agreement and correlation coefficients in a test-retest scenario. Evidence for the validity of the application is based primarily on the correlation of the application results with the age of the participants and the patterns of convergence and divergence with other relevant methods. The application scores show relatively low stability between the first administration and the retest, thus test-retest reliability was not proven. However, application validity was proven in a different study with a larger number...
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Alzheimer's Disease Profile in the UDS Neuropsychological Battery
Čihák, Martin ; Nikolai, Tomáš (advisor) ; Děchtěrenko, Filip (referee)
Background: Neuropsychological assessment plays a key role in cognitive impairment diagnosis. Moreover, determining the cognitive profile can help to uncover the aetiology of the impairment. Previous studies found that memory impairment is especially typical for Alzheimer's disease. In UDS 2, one of most common neuropsychological batteries, this is manifested by a low score in Logical Memory test. Aims: To describe a profile of early cognitive deficit in Alzheimer disease using the UDS 2 battery in comparison with deficits of other aetiologies and to assess the ability of UDS 2 to distinguish Alzheimer's disease from other causes of cognitive deficit. Methods: 190 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment underwent an assessment of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, UDS 2 battery and other neuropsychological tests. The probability of suffering from Alzheimer's disease was modelled with the use of binominal regression on the neuropsychological assessment results. Results: Using UDS 2 battery, Alzheimer's disease patients can be best discriminated from patients with otherwise caused cognitive deficit with the test of episodic memory (delayed recall score in Logical Memory test). Other tests significantly improved the accuracy of the estimate of probability of suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Therefore,...
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Modelling eye movements during Multiple Object Tracking
Děchtěrenko, Filip ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Toth, Peter Gabriel (referee)
In everyday situations people have to track several objects at once (e.g. driving or collective sports). Multiple object tracking paradigm (MOT) plausibly simulate tracking several targets in laboratory conditions. When we track targets in tasks with many other objects in scene, it becomes difficult to discriminate objects in periphery (crowding). Although tracking could be done only using attention, it is interesting question how humans plan their eye movements during tracking. In our study, we conducted a MOT experiment in which we presented participants repeatedly several trials with varied number of distractors, we recorded eye movements and we measured consistency of eye movements using Normalized scanpath saliency (NSS) metric. We created several analytical strategies employing crowding avoidance and compared them with eye data. Beside analytical models, we trained neural networks to predict eye movements in MOT trial. The performance of the proposed models and neuron networks was evaluated in a new MOT experiment. The analytical models explained variability of eye movements well (results comparable to intraindividual noise in the data); predictions based on neural networks were less successful.
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Comparison of scan patterns in dynamic tasks
Děchtěrenko, Filip ; Lukavský, Jiří (advisor) ; Nyström, Marcus (referee) ; Paluš, Milan (referee)
Eye tracking is commonly used in many scientific fields (experimental psychology, neuroscience, behavioral economics, etc.) and can provide us with rigorous data about current allocation of attention. Due to the complexity of data processing and missing methodology, experimental designs are often limited to static stimuli; eye tracking data is analyzed only with respect to basic types of eye movements - fixation and saccades. In dynamic tasks (e.g. with dynamic stimuli, such as showing movies or Multiple Object Tracking task), another type of eye movement is commonly present: smooth pursuit. Importantly, eye tracking data from dynamic tasks is often represented as raw data samples. It requires a different approach to analyze the data, and there are a lot of methodological gaps in analytical tools. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we gave an overview of current methods for analyzing scan patterns, followed by four simulations, in which we systematically distort scan patterns and measure the similarity using several commonly used metrics. In the second part, we presented the current approaches to statistical testing of differences between groups of scan patterns. We present two novel strategies for analyzing statistically significant differences between groups of scan patterns and...
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