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Public financing for pre-school places pays off: a cost and benefit analysis
Kalíšková, Klára ; Münich, Daniel ; Pertold, Filip
Countrywide statistics suggest that the long-term shortage of places in state preschool institutions (kindergartens) has become gradually less severe over the past few years thanks to population decline, and that in future there will be sufficient places available at pre-schools. Nevertheless at a local level demand is still far outstripping supply in many places, and this is unlikely to change as internal migration and other demographic changes continue. Our analysis of financial costs and benefits reveals that the shortage of places in preschools in the past decade has led to an undeniable net loss for the public budget. Our analysis demonstrates that the net gain to the public budget from every additional place in pre-school is on average 10,000 crowns per year. Public financial support for pre-schools would not result in a loss even under very conservative estimates. On the contrary, the net gains are in fact far higher if the indirect and long-term consequences of supporting further places in pre-schools are taken into account.
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The effects of transition to secondary school, alcohol consumption and peer pressure on youth smoking
Pertold, Filip
This study provides further evidence for the debate on a possible smoking ban in restaurants and investigates the influence of peer pressure on smoking habits and alcohol consumption among young people. Teenagers often start smoking on a daily basis after moving from primary to secondary school. The results of the pan-European survey ESPAD indicate that more than 40% of\nyoung people in the Czech Republic smoke, which is one of the highest rates in the EU. This study looks at pupils' transition from primary to secondary school in order to identify the role peers play in young peoples' decisions to start smoking. The results of this study show that new classmates play a key role in influencing male secondary school students, but not their female counterparts. If half the students in a class smoke, a student entering that class is 10% more likely to become addicted to smoking. Classmates' influence is greatest among secondary school students who regularly visit bars and restaurants and drink alcohol. This means that youth smoking is to a certain extent encouraged by drinking alcohol in bars and restaurants. In other words, a ban on smoking in bars and restaurants, such as currently discussed, or stricter controls on the sale of alcohol to minors, could effectively reduce smoking among teenagers. The results also demonstrate that pupils' choice of secondary school has a significant knock-on effect not only on the skills and knowledge they gain, but also on smoking habits and their consumption of alcohol, which in turn affect their life expectancy and other health indicators.
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Economics of terorrism: Empirical analysis of the behavior of terrorist groups
Chovítek, Šimon ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to empirically analyze the behavior of terrorist groups. In this work we tested the assumption of the model of rational choice in terms of terrorism. The empirical section combines theoretical predictions with observed facts and shows the terrorists as rational actors acting under uncertainty. The data used in the analysis orginate from databases GTD and RDWTI. Mean-variance analysis of portfolios of real attack of terrorist organizations suggests their ability to effectively optimize their activity and to reduce the risks to which they are exposed. Terrorists thus appears as rational agents able to react quickly to external influences. This largely affects the resulting impact of counter-terrorism measures taken when selectively targeted measures may lead to a mere transfer of terrorist activity to another destination.
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Analysis of the influence of selected qualitative characteristics on price apartments in Prague in the period 2007 -2012
Vinterová, Michaela ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to examine the influence of selected characteristics of sold flats (2007-2012) in Prague on the selling price. The analysis is made on group of similar flats of size 3+1 and 3+kk. Data consist of 1185 observations. I am using the hedonic price method to investigate the influence of selected variables. The results indicate that with rise in availability by 1% the price of flat decrease by 0, 13%, with rise of its size the price rise by 0,92%. The price of flats rise by 13% when the cooperative ownership change to personal ownership The change of construction materials from panel to bricks rise the price of flat by 23%, the reconstruction of bathroom rise the price by 5,7%. Other finding is that overall reconstruction rises the price by 11%. Garage increase the price by 24%. Finally the hypothesis that flat in the ground floor is negatively viewed and the price of flat decrease by 2, 5%.
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The Analysis of Impact of Regulations: A Dynamic Input-Output Model Approach
Šafr, Karel ; Sixta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
This diploma thesis discusses utilization of dynamic Input-Output models as a basis for decision-making for policy makers. The first part is focused on theoretical derivation of the basic dynamic models. This part is followed by a practical application of the presented models, which proposes a method of deriving the matrix of capital and it facilitates the construction of data sources. The results show that the dynamic models are usable, but it is necessary to take into consideration their structural constraints and data limits. Data applied for 2009 show that the economic crisis has led to a 6% decline in GVA growth rates.
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Východní a západní Německo po sjednocení: Analýza mzdových rodílů
Groero, Jaroslav ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
Under socialism workers had their wages set by the central planners.. In my thesis I use panel data from SHARLIFE questionnaire in order to analyze how returns to East German human capital variables changed after the reunification in 1990.I also compare these returns to West German returns to human capital variables. Before 1990 the returns to experience and education were lower in East Germany than in West Germany. After the reunification East German returns to experience obtained before 1990 and to education decreased. I find a significant decrease of returns to high educated workers who spent in the East German educational system 15 and more years. East German returns to both human capital variables are smaller than West German ones before the reunification and the difference is more pronounced after the reunification.
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