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Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football
Lukavský, Jakub ; Malá, Lucia (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Body composition changes during ontogenesis in youth football Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify and compare changes in body composition during ontogenesis in youth categories in football. Methods: Due to our work, a research group was created, which included 4 different age categories. It was a category U12 - U15. U12 (n = 15), U13 (n = 18), U14 (n = 19), U15 (n = 16). He is a player of an elite Czech club. The selection of probands and age categories was intentional. Body composition measurements were performed with a multi-frequency bioimpedance analyzer (Tanita MC-980MA, Tanita Corporation, Japan). The biological age was estimated as follows. The equations of Mirwald et al. (2002). Y: -9.236+(0.0002708*Leg Length and Sitting height interaction) - (0.001663*Age and Leg Length interaction) (0.007216 Age and Sitting Height interaction) + (0.02292*Weight by Height ratio). The players were divided into two groups according to the degree of maturity (before 1, circa 2 (PHV)). Group 1 included players from (> -1 before PHV) and group 2 - circa PHV (-1, +1). Results: The changes in the basic somatometric indicators - body weight and body height were as follows. Body weight: U12 (38.2 kg), U13 (41.4 kg) + 8%, U14 (46 kg) + 11%, U15 (55.1 kg) + 20%. Body height: U12 (148.4 cm), U13...
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The influence of the menstrual cycle on eating habits and the need for sports activities
Jelínková, Karolína ; Jaklová Dytrtová, Jana (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of the influence of the menstrual-ovulatory cycle on the diet and physical condition of women. Countless studies in the field of training deal only with the male population, as the cyclicality of women is a complex and still not sufficiently researched topic. Because changes in hormone levels further cause various changes and reactions in tissues and organs, it is necessary to take into account the cyclicality of women in sports training, diet or other areas. Fluctuations in hormonal levels also cause psychological and emotional changes. In this work, a search is made of suitable studies together with known facts on this topic. The first part includes the description of the cycle itself and the second part the analysis of generally known nutritional recommendations. Thus, it cannot be assumed that women's activity is unchanged throughout the menstrual-ovulatory cycle. We created a table that monitors the sleep, diet, drinking regime, physical activity and emotions of women during the day, throughout the menstrual / ovulatory cycle. These elements are important for further research into female variability. It is important for women to understand their cycle, as it has an impact on the overall functioning of the body. During the cycle, changes were detected in...
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Tennis-specific, functional, strength, and mobility exercises to improve the performance and prevent injuries
Kosejková, Barbora ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kočíb, Tomáš (referee)
Title: Compensatory exercise as one of the possible means of injury prevention for tennis players Aim: The aim of this thesis was based on professional articles and available literature to identify and describe the most common injuries that occur in adult tennis players of all performance levels and then focus on creating a set of compensatory exercises (relaxing, strengthening and stretching) that could lead to reduction. risk of injury. Methods: The thesis was based on empirical character. Both findings from professional literature and articles published in peer-reviewed journals were used. The proposed compensatory exercises were selected on the basis of professional literature and articles, which focused either on the elimination of imbalances and injury prevention in tennis players, or on exercises typical and suitable for tennis player development, whether from performance (skill) or physical (physiological) point of view. Conclusion: Based on the literature and articles, it was found that the most common mechanism of tennis injuries is due to overload, which means that tennis players train more time than optimal and does not sufficiently compensate. As a result, there is a large unilateral load and this can cause many negative changes in the locomotor system. Tennis injuries to players can...
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The relationship between physical fitness and selected tests of cognitive functions in pupils of elementary schools
Šula, Marek ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Větrovský, Tomáš (referee)
Title: The relationship between physical fitness and selected tests of cognitive functions in pupils of elementary schools Objectives: The main aim of the thesis was to estimate the relationship between physical fitness and cognitive abilities among pupils of elementary schools Methods: The thesis was carried out as a cross-sectional study. Pupils aged 8 to 12 years (n = 66; age 9.8 ± 0.8) participated in the study. The cognitive abilities were determined using standardized online tests on the portal www.proskoly.cz, and the physical fitness levels was determined using the test battery Unifittest (6-60) Results: The girls did not differ from the boys in any of the tests. In the overall group, the relationships between cognitive abilities and physical fitness were very weak and statistically not significant. However, in girls, we found indirectly proportional statistically significant (p <0.05) relationships between the Visual Memory test and all the physical fitness tests as well as between the Perception test and Standing Long Jump test, Shuttle Run Agility test, Endurance test, and overall Unifittest (6-60) score. No statistically significant relationship was found in the boys; however, the correlation indicated that the relationships were directly proportional Key words: cognitive abilities,...
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Biomechanical characteristics in Axel Paulsen jump variations in figure skating
Hrdličková, Kristýna ; Sedláčková, Marie (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Biomechanical characteristics in Axel Paulsen jump variations in figure skating Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to measure the biomechanical characteristics (height and length) of the single Axel Paulsen jump. The jump was measured from two inputs, namely from a standing position (from zero initial velocity) and from a running position (from a single backward translation). Methods: For the thesis, a quantitative research method was used, namely the measurement of selected parameters of the Axel Paulsen single jump. The measurements were performed on a sample of 16 female figure skaters, in the age range of 10 -16 years. Bar graphs were created for each variable as part of the analysis. The best trials were always selected for quantitative analysis. Furthermore, means and standard deviations were calculated. Due to the size of the measured sample, non-parametric methods were used to test the hypotheses. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used, and error plots were generated. Data analysis and graphs were created using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 statistical software. Results: It was found that the single Axel Paulsen jump length values are longer in the run-up version. For the Axel Paulsen single jump height values, it was found that the jump height on the average is 0.5 cm higher in the...
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Influence of altitude on physiological parameters in snowboardcross athletes
Samková, Eva ; Gryc, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Influence of Altitude on Physiological Parameters in Snowboardcross Athletes Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of altitude and working load on selected physiological parameters (blood lactate concentration, mitochondrial respiration, muscle blood flow and heart rate) in elite snowboardcross riders. Methods: For data collection we used Moxy monitor, Garmin chest belt and EKF Lactate Scout+. The physiological parameters were assessed at two different altitudes and always before and after the sports exercise. The obtained data were then compared and their differences assessed using the statistical method paired t-test, basic statistical and mathematical methods such as mean and standard deviation and percentages were used to express the difference. Results: We found that altitude does not affect mitochondrial respiration or blood flow in lower limb muscles in snowboardcrossers. Furthermore, we found that altitude has an effect on blood lactate concentration and confirmed the so-called lactate paradox. Heart rate was slightly higher after exercise at higher altitude than at lower altitude. Keywords: Oxygen saturation, heart rate, lactate concentration, testing, altitude
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Organism physiological response on carried load in military
Absolon, David ; Michalička, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Physiological response of the organism to the load carried in the military environment. Objectives: Identify commonly used methods of measuring physiological response to load bearing in selected armies. Methods: The method used for the development of this bachelor thesis was a systematic search method based on a referred selection of items in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. After defining the research question and the objectives of the thesis, the results were retrieved through the internet databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) by means of a script we developed, from which we then selected the most suitable studies for data processing and subsequent synthesis under predefined parameters. Finally, studies were subjected to validity checks using hodnocení metodické kvality parameters. Results: The aim of this bachelor thesis was to use a systematic review method to ascertain commonly used methods of measuring physiological response to load carried in the military environment. Twelve studies were selected that were directly related in their content to the essence of this thesis, it is the measurement of the physiological response of the organism to the load carried. After the analysis of these studies, an overview of the data obtained was created. In each study, the authors...
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Assessment of the quality of handstand with correlation to shoulder joint stability
Provazník, Adam ; Chrudimský, Jan (advisor) ; Šteffl, Michal (referee)
Title: Assessment of the quality of handstand with correlation to shoulder joint stability Objective: The goal of this study is to find if there is a relationship between quality of handstand and two chosen parametrs - shoulder joint stability and shoulder joint flexibility in bachelor freshmen at UK FTVS studying programs Trainer, Conditioning trainer and Physical Education and sport. Methods: This is an empirical type of study. Tested group included 76 male students with average age of 20,22 (±1,02). Data were obtained by several tests, including test of quality of handstand, test of flexibility of shoulder joint, UQYBT and CKCUEST. For statistical analysis several methods were used. That inclued correlation analysis, Kendal test, Fligner- Killeen test, Shapiro-Wilk test and methods of descriptive statistics. Results: Statistically significant relationship was not observed between quality of handstand and shoulder joint stability, nor was observed between quality of handstand and flexibility of shoulder joint. The reason for the results could be low level of quality of handstand in majority of tested group. Key words: Equilibrium, balance, gymnastics, flexibility, stability of shoulder joint, quality of execution
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The relationship between regularly gymnastic exercise and physical performance level and skill tests in football players
Krejčířová, Kateřina ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Vampola, Jindřich (referee)
Title: The relationship between regularly gymnastic exercise and physical performance level and skill tests in football players Purposes: The main aim of the thesis was to determine whether the regular gymnastic exercise including functional training may affect a performance in selected fitness and coordination tests as well as in specific football skills tests among young football players played in U12 and U13 categories in the context of biological maturity estimated according to their parent's height Methods: The thesis was carried out as a cross-sectional study in which two different groups of footballers were compared. Selected fitness, coordination, and specific football skills tests were measured using field methods. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to assess differences between groups Results: Soccer players who regularly undergo gymnastics exercises performed statistically significant better performance (p < 0.05) in all the tests except agility and ball guidance tests in category U13 and back - balancing and sideways tests in category U12. The relationship between biological maturity according to the parents' heights and the selected tests was not confirmed Conclusion: The study showed that the regular gymnastic exercise included in the training could be positively connected...
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Alternative ECG measurement using flexible electrodes for scanning of electrical potentials on the human body
Hylský, Václav ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Malý, Petr (referee)
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to measure ECG signal using experimental textile electrodes. The theoretical part deals with heart anatomy, the placement of the heart within the rib cage, heart's electrical activity and ways of measuring it using electrocardiography as well as alternative ECG systems. The practical part of this thesis deals with the use of an experimental ECG T-shirt and wearable electronic equipment. This part also includes the description of the examination method as well as of the equipment which processes and records the signal. The next part this thesis deals with laboratory testing of the experimental ECG T-shirt on a selected sample of people. It also includes an assessment of the measurement results. Keywords: Conductive fabric, electrocardiography, electrocardiogram, electrodes
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