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Effective components of dietary supplements and their relation to treatment of illness.
Brummer, Vladimír ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis is aimed at effective components of dietary supplements in relation to prevention and treatment of civilization illnesses. In thesis are defined basic terms as food supplement, dietary supplement and more. In particular chapters are described characteristics of civilization illnesses and metabolic, physiologic and other changes that are coincidental sign of these diseases. Mentioned are also risk factors of illnesses and summarized dietary and other recommendations to prevent outbreak of disease, or to delay its formation. To each civilization disease are assigned dietary supplements that were studied as prospective effective compounds in prevention and cure of these illnesses. The goal was to summarize and well-arrange available informations related to given theme from various information sources.
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Possibilities for utilization of selected vegetable oils in foodstuffs.
Krátká, Milena ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this work was to find out and compare the composition of the chosen vegetable oils with regards to both the chemical composition and the pharmacological effects as the supplementary nutrition. All the oils selected contain large amount of the essential fatty acids, which has the positive effect on human health. Evening Primrose oil, borage oil and black currant seeds oil contain the large amount of the gama-linolenoic acid (GLA), which has the positive influence on the curing of the diabetes, menstrual syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections and skin disorders. Flax and hemp oil are excellent sources of the essential fatty acids in optimal ratio and are rich in other important substances, like phytoestrogenes and phytosterols. The lipids containing the high amount of the unsaturated fatty acids are predisposed to the oxidation during the storage. The oxidized essential fatty acids have the antimetabolic effect, which is working against the positive effect of original essential fatty acid. It is thus important and recommended to accompany the consumption of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the antioxidants. In this work the effects of the antioxidants were also taken into account. From the oils selected the highest amount of the antioxidants can be found in Sea buckthorn oil, which contains the antioxidants like vitamin E, carotenoids etc. This work was also aimed at the literature review of the stabilization of the unsaturated fatty acids, technological production processes, reactions taking place in oils during their storage and the analytical methods used for the characterization of the oils.
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Basic ingredients of fatty phase and their influence on stability of cosmetic emulsions
Krätschmerová, Kateřina ; Souralová Popelková, Miriam (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problem of stability cosmetic emulsion. The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review focused on ingredients of fatty phase and their influence on stability of cosmetic emulsions. Emulsions are heterogeneous two-phase dispersive systems. They are formed from two immiscible liquids: one constitutes the droplets which are dispersed in the other liquid. They are classified into emulsion O/W (oil-in-water), W/O (water-in-oil) and multiple emulsions O/W/O and W/O/W (oil-in-water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water). In the midst of basic ingredients of fatty phase range raw material of crude petroleum, vegetable oils, animal fats, waxes and sterols. Crude petroleum materials belong to stable components of lipid phase, whereas vegetable oil and animal fats are unstable components and have to be stabilized by adding of suitable stabilizer.
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Active ingredients in sun cosmetics
Jochimová, Eva ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
Active substances in sun cosmetics mean quantity and properties of UV-filters that absorb rays in UVA or in UVB areas. In the United States of America there are they considered as pharmaceuticals, however in European Union are they taken behind cosmetics. Their usage is very important, because the sun radiation can be very dangerous. Hazard of negative influences increases largely by downgrade of atmosphere and above all by enlargement of ozone hole. UVB and UVA rays penetrate into the skin where they can be a cause of different disorders. They evocate simply as far as heavily curable photodermatosis, skin ageing and cutaneous carcinoma in worse case.
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Study of phenolic compounds in some biologic materials using method LC/MS
Měřínská, Radana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Kočí, Radka (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis was focused on suitable methods for analysis of phenolics, especially modern instrumental methods were studied. In experimental part some standard phenolic compounds were analysed using combined technique HPLC/ESI-MS with off-line and/or on-line detection. Mass spectra of individual stadards and/or mixtures were determined in MS full scan and/or MS/MS full scan mode. Ionisation of chosen standard compounds was done in pozitive and/or negative mode. Parent ions of followed compounds were identified: reserpine (PI 609.9, NI 607.7), acid chlorogenic (NI 353), quercetin (PI 303.5, NI 301.5), rutin (PI 611, NI 609), morin (PI 303.1, NI 301.1). Typical fragments of studied standards were produced using MS/MS full scan mode. By fragmentation characteristic product ions were identified: acid chlorogenic (NI 191), quercetin (PI: 229.1 and 257.1; NI: 179.0 and 151.0), rutin (in MS/MS NI: 301; in MS3 NI: 179, 151.1), morin (PI: 285.1 a 257.1; NI: 283.2, 273.2, 257.1, 229.1). Optimal conditions of phenolic HPLC separation were determined including gradient elution and Restek column use. In conclusion on-line HPLC/MS detection using negative ionization was observed as the best configuration for phenolic analysis.
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Stabilization of fat components of cosmetic preparations
Kovačíková, Barbora ; Janoušková,, Eva (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the stability of fatty components in cosmetic products. Course of study contents composition and possible instability causes of fatty components which are today used the most. Instability causes of fatty components were considered from the view of their chemical composition, environmental influences and then for example in term of the presence of antioxidants and emulgators. Next chapter describes methods for reduction of the lipids instability by the medium of chemical substances, for example antioxidants. The conclusion offers compact view of the lipids phases stability, possible causes of the degradation of lipids and methods for its limitation. As the most stable fatty components are generally considered synthetic lipids, on the other way, at least stable are natural lipids and oils.
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Fragrances of plant origin
Koláčková, Adéla ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This thesis describes specifications of fragrances of plant origin, their origin and usage, methods of obtaining and ways of use them in cosmetics. Fragrances are mixtures of natural or synthetic character which give the aroma. In the nature, fragrances are produced mainly by plants. Aroma of blossom and other parts of plants is created by essential oils. From the whole number of 295 families of plants for about a third of them contains essentials oils which can be used in industry. More than 100 fragrances has been identified as allergens. Parfumed products allergies are relatively common. In connection of this problem synthetic alternatives of natural fragrances of plant origin are producing. In this way allergens are and also they will be widely discussed problem.
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Hyaluronic acid and possibilities of its utilization
Maivaldová, Iva ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis presents contemporary knowledge gained in the research of hyaluronic acid, describing its physical-chemical and biological properties as well as principal possibilities of its utilization both in medicine and cosmetics. Hyaluronic acid is a linear polysaccharide formed from disaccharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. Hyaluronic acid represents one of the main components of the extracellular matrix and is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues (mainly in connective tissue). Its high molecular mass and unique viscoelastic properties offer a wide range of use of this molecule in cosmetology, ophthalmology, rheumatology, otolaryngology, dermatology, plastic surgery, wound healing and drug delivery.
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Occurence of potential alergenic components with metal content in cosmetic preparations
Krakovková, Lenka ; Janoušková, Eva (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to summarize potential allergenic metals contained in cosmetics, make an overview of raw materials used for cosmetics, and describe types of allergenic reactions caused by potential allergenic metals. All the metals presented are divided into two groups, from which one contains established allergens and the other one contains potential allergens, which can have influence on inducing of an allergetic reaction. There is shown a possible allergenic reaction for each metal, and its possible occurence in raw materials for a production of cosmetics, which are discussed in this work as well. There are also shown methods for determining the amount of metals in cosmetics. In the conclusion, there are mentioned some reasons of monitoring potencial allergens from series of metals.
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Influence of leaf age on the Rubisco content
Matulková, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis describes the influence of leaf senescence on the Rubisco enzyme content in Fagus sylvatica, grown both in normal and elevated athmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Tha samples were collected at the Station of experimental ecology, Institute of systems biology and ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, White Cross in Moravian-Silesian Beskydy. To specify the determination three series of samples were taken in following order - the first one on 22nd May 2007, the second one on 24th July 2007, and the third one then on 4th September 2007.The Rubisco enzyme content in leafs was measured by the SDS-PAGE method. In Fagus species grown in elevated carbon dioxide concentration we observed the depression of Rubisco enzyme content during the vegetation period. Reversely in Fagus species grown in normal carbon dioxide concentration the Rubisco enzyme content was increasing.
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