|
|
Constitutional changes in Hungary after 2010 in the light of illiberal concept of democracy
Slanina, Daniel ; Štefek, Martin (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The subject of this work is in description of the development and analysis of the logic of the Hungarian regime after 2010, as well as the changes that occurred after the victory of Viktor Orbán and his Fidesz party in parliamentary election. In this work, there fundamental research questions will be examined for this purpose, i. e. (1) What constitutional changes have occurred in Hungary and what are their consequences (?), (2) How did the electoral system change and what was the logic and impact of this change (?) and at the same time (3) What character and why is the current regime in Hungary (?). Keywords: Hungary; Illiberal Democracy; Constitution
|
|
|
Reflection of structural and political conditions in the ideology and practice of Islamic groups - the so-called Islamic State and al-Qaeda
Šupová, Kateřina ; Hesová, Zora (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
ŠUPOVÁ, Kateřina. Reflection of structural and political conditions in the ideology and practice of Islamic groups - the so-called Islamic State and al-Qaeda (Master's thesis). Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Arts. Department of Political Science. Tutor: Zora Hesová, M.A., Ph.D. 2019. p. 84. In this thesis the author's main goal is to analyze the strategy and propaganda of the Islamic state in relation to the strategy of Al Qaeda. Emphasis is on studying the intentions and capabilities of each group by examining the ideology, goals, warfare, tactics, propaganda etc. What was the reason for the split? Martha Crenshaw's instrumental and organizational perspectives were very useful for analysis. As well as a concept of Michael Arena and Bruce Arriga deals with identity and propaganda in collaboration with Ervin Goffman, who deals with the theory of self-presentation, By analyzing various documents, declarations by the Islamic state and al-Qaeda there is outlined an ideological, apocalyptic and strategic movement shift. Keywords: ideology, propaganda, strategy, Islamic state, al-Qaeda, terrorism, identity
|
|
|
Power and Myth of French Republicanism and Position of Elites in France
Špoutilová, Zuzana ; Hesová, Zora (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a reflection of French Republicanism and the position of elites in the institutional setting of the Fifth French Republic. The main task of this work is to explain the uprising of "the people" against the "elites" who in principle represent them. The thesis is a tripartite work. Part I examines the presentation of French republicanism and the so-called Grandes Écoles. Part II explores the question of who are the French Republican elites by examining their socio-cultural context. Particular focus is given to their educational credentials. The third and last section, Part III is devoted to the notion of dialogue within Republican society and the reasons why this dialogue, as of yet, has not been successful. Key words: Republicanism, France, elites
|
|
|
The presumption of guilt regarding top politicians as a political phenomenon
Frankeová, Anna ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is the theoretical one. In this theoretical part I am describing the theory of speech acts by the authors J. L. Austin and J. R. Searle. These theories are key elements for the understanding of the main methodology written by the author Q. Skinner, that is used in this thesis later on. In the theoretical part I also define the presumption of innocence which is a commonly used term in law. The reason for this is that the presumption of guilt is based on the presumption of innocence. The other half is the practical part of my thesis. I am analyzing three real cases out of our recent political history. The first one is the evolution of the concept of presumption of guilt in the political career of Miloš Zeman, who introduced us to this term. I will also be looking at two very well know political cases of Stanislav Gross and Andrej Babiš. In the end I will either confirm or refute the hypothesis. Key words: Presumption of innocence, presumption of guilt, theory of speech acts, the performative role of language, legal state, democratic values
|
|
|
Orientalism in Bush administration and its influence over military intervention in Iraq
Vinš, Martin ; Hesová, Zora (advisor) ; Slačálek, Ondřej (referee)
Orientalism in Bush administration and its influence over military intervention in Iraq Abstract Master's thesis focuses on the presence of orientalist elements in the Bush administration and their influence over the justification and execution of the military intervention in Iraq. These elements are orientalist construction of identities, civilizational mission, concept of oriental Muslim and concept of oriental woman. For this purpose, three research questions were formulated. 1) How the identity of Iraq was constructed to justify the intervention? 2) How the identity of USA was constructed to justify the intervention 3) Whether the Bush administration carried elements of orientalism, how did they present themselves and what amount of influence did they have over justification and execution of the military intervention in Iraq? The Fairclough three-dimensional model of critical discursive analysis was chosen in order to answer research questions. Analysis was focused on official speeches of three key representatives of Bush administration (G.W. Bush, D. Cheney, C. Powell) within the time period from the terrorist attacks on September 11th 2001 until the actual military intervention to Iraq on March 20th 2003. Based on the analysis the presence of orientalist construction of identities and civilizational...
|
|
|
War and Nationalism. Formation of Bosniak and Serbian national identity
Žaba, Jakub ; Barša, Pavel (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The thesis analyzes formation of Muslim nationalism identity during the 20th century and then its radical discursive transformation in the context of the Bosnian war between 1992 and 1995 and the conflicting struggle with neighboring Serbian nationalism. Internal redefinition of the Muslim/Bosniak national identity is examined in the context of a number of structural, institutional and discursive continuities and discontinuities, as both a contingent and determined event at the same time. As a result of these heterogeneous processes, the current Bosniak national identity is mainly homogenized around the symbols of Islam and the national myth of eternal suffering of Bosniaks and the age-long genocidal endeavor of Non-Bosniaks that resulted in the "Serbian genocide/Holocaust" over Bosniaks between 1992 and 1995. Key words War, nationalism, national identity, ethnic conflict, nation-building, Bosniak nationalism, Muslim nationalism, Serbian nationalismm, Islam, genocide, Holocaust, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian war
|
|
|
Value and cultural changes in Eastern Europe after 1989
Dolejší, Ondřej ; Štefek, Martin (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to capture fundemantal value change in selected countries within the region of Eastern Europe. This work bases its findings on repeated cross- sectional surveys collected after 1989 and will present coherent picture of the culture shift in Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. One of the core aims of this work is to prove whether structural alteration or stable economic growth in the region could give rise to a new cleavage. By comparing outcomes of various surveys carried out in states which share relative similarities in terms of geographical vicinity and contemporary historical development, I shall shed light on the relation between structure and culture in this part of continental Europe. Researched topic will be further introduced within a broad theoretical framework.
|
|
|
The anti-Islam protest in the Czech Republic
Svobodová, Eva ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
The thesis captures the anti-Islamic protest between 2015-2016, which accelerated after the attack on the Paris editorial of Charlie Hebdo on 7 January 2015 and during the so-called refugee crisis. The author analyzes short interviews she made at demonstrations organized especially by the group around the Facebook page Islam in the Czech Republic, and from semi-structured interviews with selected participants, as well as from participating observations at demonstrations. Using a discursive analysis and biographical method of work, she creates an ideological map of the movement, its basic tropics, and the attitudes. This ideological map consists of three perspectives: In the first chapter, a image of distant another, created mainly through media experience, involving the image of Muslims and Islam. In the second chapter, the image of close another created in a longer-term perspective and in opposition to one's own political and social identity. In the second chapter, the author also describes how the image of those who do not belong to the community (nation, state, Europe) is constructed. The third perspective is the image of the West, which combines elements of both distant and close another. The perspective that emerges in each of these chapters is a gender perspective and how different images of...
|
|
|
Quotas for Increase of Number of Women in Politics in Sweden
Zitková, Martina ; Drahokoupil, Štěpán (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Quotas for Increase of Number of Women in Politics in Sweden Abstract The bachelor thesis focuses on the quota system as a means of increasing the representation of women in politics, on the example of Sweden. Firstly, the thesis describes the basics of gender quotas implementation, the arguments of their supporters and opponents, and depicts the factors underlying the long-term under-representation of women in politics. The thesis also describes the basic types of quota systems. The main part deals with gender quotas in the political system of Sweden. Sweden is very progressive society in terms of gender equality and has become an exemplary model of gender balance for many countries, especially in politics. The thesis aims to describe the implementation of gender quotas in Sweden and to identify the causes of high representation of women in the political environment of this Scandinavian country. The thesis also deals with the historical development of the position of women in Swedish politics, Swedish political system and description of relevant political parties. Keywords: quotas, quota system, Sweden, political parties, gender, society, politics, women, equality
|
|
|
Conservative Criticism of Obamacare and its Transformation in the Context of Donald Trump Running for President
Leichterová, Jana ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Hesová, Zora (referee)
Jana Leichterová Conservative Criticism of Obamacare and its Transformation in the Context of Donald Trump Running for President Abstract The thesis deals with the debate over the health care reforms in the United States. It focuses specifically on the debate over the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, a health care reform initiated by President Barack Obama that was signed into law in March 2010. The goal of the thesis is to identify the main arguments of the conservative criticism of the Affordable Care Act, and to determine whether the debate transformed with the emergence of Donald Trump onto the political scene. The thesis provides historical context of the three main approaches to the health care policies in the United States throughout the 20th century: the Social Security path of strong government in the 1930s, the mixed "American way" with government providing social benefits to citizens through private institutions in the 1970s, and the approach of unregulated free market since the 1980s. Obama's health care originates in the urge for a national solution of the high number of uninsured citizens (more than 50 million in 2009) and rising cost of health care. The reform has three essential pillars: 1. the reform of the health insurance market that unifies the diverse state approaches and...
|
guest ::
