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Analysis of environmental investments in Moravia-Silesian region in period 2012-2015
Štěpán, Jaroslav ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
Moravian-Silesian region belongs in long term to areas with high level of air pollution. Since the government support to deal with this problem, significant amount of environmental investments are there allocated. Their influence on economy of the region is crucial to evaluate. Goal of thesis is to confirmate a hypothesis about zero change of multiplication effect from chosen environmental investments on net profit and net taxes. Regional static Input-Output model, which had been extended by household consuption, was developed for purpose of evaluation.The model results in positive net profit multiplication worth 8,24 % and net taxes worth 5,82 % of the whole value of investments in all examined periods. According to performed calculation the initial hypothesis is disproved and on the basis of multiplication effects the environmental investments can be subsidized not only by subjective reasons (reduction of air polution) but also by objective economic arguments.
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Game theory in the current flood protection
Pokorná, Veronika ; Macháč, Jan (advisor) ; Louda, Jiří (referee)
In recent years a considerable attention has been devoted to flood protection measures because of great damages caused by floods. While planning measures the consideration is based on costs and benefits associated with their implementation, i.e. the application of cost-benefit analysis (CBA). In most cases the relation of upstream and downstream in river catchments is neglected, therefore in the practice a potential for a retention of upstream remains unused. This bachelor thesis deals with a projection of this upstream/downstream relation into the current flood protection. Mathematic method of the game theory is used for the analysis of the optimal allocation of flood protection measures between the upstream/downstream areas. The upstream/downstream relation is defined by the specific assumptions and conditions. On the basis of these specific assumptions and conditions a payoff 2x2 matrix is modelled. The thesis constructs individual scenarios of mutual positions of these two parts. Possible outcomes are analysed by using game theory, while taking into account liability for damages, negotiation options and transaction costs. Presented results of individual scenarios indicate that the game theory is a suitable tool for the assessment of an optimal allocation of flood protection measures and its application in practice is appropriate in conjunction with other tools.
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A suggestion of methodology for assessment of cost proportionality to achieve good status of water bodies
Hekrle, Marek ; Vojáček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Macháč, Jan (referee)
The EU Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60 EC) provides numerous requirements, including achievement of good status of all water bodies by 2015. However, meeting this environmental target brings substantial costs. In justified cases, member states may request an extension of the deadline based on disproportionality of costs of meeting the WFD requirements. Definition of disproportionate costs must be based on economic analysis and on the WFD general requirements. This thesis provides a review of proportionate costs in the context of the WFD, identifies main requirements for its practical definition as an exemption and provides a review of foreign methodical approaches to define cost proportionality. It is clear that the Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and the Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are most commonly used methods to determine the cost proportionality treshold. This thesis discuss the relevance of these methods to define cost proportionality to reach good status of water bodies. The thesis also provides methodology to assess cost proportionality based on modified CBA and analyses ecosystem services of water bodies. In addition, the thesis points out the methodological complications and uncertainties of suggested methodology. Main methodological issues are connected with definition of right scale of analysis and synergy effects of measures, analysis of costs and definition of suitable measures and analysis of benefits and quantification of ecosystem services of water bodies.
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Comparative analysis of approaches to regulatory impact assessment (RIA) with an emphasis on the regulation proportionality concept
Macháč, Jan ; Louda, Jiří (advisor) ; Říhová, Vladimíra (referee)
The process of Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a globally widespread tool to avoid excessive regulation. One of its basic principles is the proportionality of regulation. It is a modern concept, which is not in the literature devoted too much attention. The proportionality of regulation is mainly based on three requirements. Control should be adequate to the problem addressed, it should not lead to excessive regulation and the net social impact should be positive. Based on comparative analysis of two specific (Czech and British) RIAs, the application of the principle of proportionality is not sufficient in practice. Most adequacy requirements are not met or the process is not satisfactorily evaluated by RIA. Depth evaluation of the impacts in both RIAs is very different. The main recommendation arising from the whole paper is the need to evaluate not only economic but also social and environmental impacts.
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