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Hospodářský cyklus a plodnost: Vliv nezaměstnanosti na míru porodnosti
Tománková, Ivana ; Lahvička, Jiří (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This paper investigates how aggregate fertility responds to business cycle fluctuations and attempts to quantify this effect. The results of a first differences regression analysis on a 2003 to 2010 panel data sample of 31 member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development indicate procyclical fertility behavior over the business cycle. Ceteris paribus, a one percentage point increase in the general unemployment rate decreases the crude birth rate by 0.054. Tertiary educational attainment of the labor force, the average wage, the female-to-male wage ratio and the marriage and divorce rates are all positively related to fertility, while the employment rate of women exerts a fertility-depressing effect.
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Are the consumers willing to pay for GI products?
Závorová, Miroslava ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
In 1992 the European geographical indication system was established. Through the years more than thousand of foodstuffs were registered to the system. Czech Republic joined the system through access to EU in 2004. In this paper the consumer's willingness to pay for selected product that carries geographical indication is analysed. For analysis the panel data from brewing industry are used. The results of the work are that the presence of a protected geographical indication in the interaction with other features of the product may affect the willingness of consumers to pay for the product. For example, was shown that the interaction of the protected geographical indications and bottled draft beer can influence the consumer's willingness to pay for GI product.
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Legalized abortion and crime: also in Czech?
Dubovský, Peter ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Miroslav (referee)
In this thesis, I test with Czech data the hypothesis of Donohue & Levitt (2001) which proposes that the growth of abortion rate lowers the future crime rate. The fixed effects model I use is derived from Donohue & Levitt (2001) and adjusted on the basis of criticism by Foote & Goetz (2005; 2008) and Joyce (2004; 2009a; 2009b). As regards period 1994-2009 the results imply that the rise of abortions by 10 per 100 born children lowers theft by eight percent in an age group after it reaches the criminal age. Considering the periods 1968-1976 and 1978-2009 the estimates are low and weakly significant indicating only little impact of abortion on crime during the socialist period.
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Empirický test parametru Beckerova modelu rozhodování zločince za nejistoty pro pěstitele konopí v ČR
Úlehlová, Romana ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Krištofóry, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis empirically tests Becker's assumption of offenders' knowledge of the probability of their apprehension. This assumption is tested by standardised interview with an unrepresentative sample of thirty hemp growers in the Czech Republic. Growers' subjective estimations of the probability of their apprehension are compared with approximation of the real probability of apprehension. The conclusion of the analysis is that the growers do correctly estimate the probability of apprehension. So Becker's assumption is (at the risk) confirmed. The hypotheses that high-cost growers estimate the probability better than low-cost growers and that growers with less than five plants estimate the probability of apprehension worse than growers with more than five plants were not confirmed.
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How long would it have to an old Skoda car to drive, that produced as many emissions as produced the production of new environmental car
Jurečková, Šárka ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor)
This thesis covers primarily the detection of operating emission of an old Škoda Felicia car and the emission produced during the manufacturing of a new Toyota Prius, as the selected representative of an ecological car. The thesis also touches on hybrid technology in itself, the question of the greenness of hybrid cars, sphere of emission, but also related problems so called "scrapping" and its influence on environment and also current situation in automobile industry. The target of this study is calculation of operation time of an old Škoda Felicia during which the CO2 emission will reach the same amount of emission produced during manufacturing of a Toyota Prius. The objective is to point out incompetent and therefore not always serious comparison of cars greenness when only the operating CO2 is being compared. Other energy consumption and therefore also the greenhouse gases production is related with the car manufacturing, raw material extraction, petroleum processing and other economic sectors affected by production. Emission laboratory measurement executed by TÜV SÜD Czech discovered that the old Škoda produces 260m/km CO2 during its real running time. For the emission calculation was used an American model EIO-LCA created by Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon University that records ecological influence of car production, in stated amount, on all economy sectors. The outputs are quoted in CO2 equivalent. According to this model during manufacturing of 1 hybrid car 13.5 t of CO2e (equivalent CO2). is produced. Recalculation found out that the old Škoda Felicia could run for more than 5 years in order to produce as much emission as the manufacturing of new Toyota Prius third generation.
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Do condoms prevent or help the spread of HIV virus?
Jánská, Zuzana ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
The male condoms were massively expanded to Africa in 1990s as a result of growing HIV prevalence in most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Many transnational non-profit organizations together with national governments were engaged in this expansion of condom distribution. The biggest condom donator are the United States of America which have already provided tens of milliards of dollars to fight against AIDS by distribution of condoms. Was this financial aid used effectively and did the money have the right intended effect? Scientists agree on the statement that the effectiveness of condoms as contraceptives is around 90%. What is the efficiency of using condoms helping against the transmission of the virus HIV, if a single HIV virus cell is much smaller than a sperm cell? With the help of regression analysis using panel data we can give a definite answer to the crucial question -- do condoms help or prevent the spread of HIV virus?
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Dynamický model prokrastinace
Vraný, Martin ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Hudík, Marek (referee)
The thesis presents a formal model of intertemporal decision problem of working on a task for distant reward which depends on the number of periods the subject actually spends working, where the subject faces varying opportunity costs of working each period before the deadline. Three psychologically plausible causes of procrastination are incorporated into the model as transformations of the decision problem. In order to assess a hypothesis that procrastination is an evolved and stable habit, the third transformation renders the model dynamic in that past decisions and circumstances affect the present. The model is first explored via qualitative analysis and simulations are performed to further reveal its functionality.
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Human capital theory and signaling theory
Chadimová, Věra ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Bartoň, Petr (referee)
This work deals with the Becker human capital theory and Spence signaling theory that explain why education brings higher earnings. Under the first theory, the increased productivity of individuals and the corresponding higher pay higher marginal product. Second theory offers an explanation in terms of innate abilities, the higher innate ability, the higher wage rate. The next section is formulated hypothesis and the selection data set. The empirical part includes an examination of how firms behave in practice. Using the information gathered, and regression analysis is to evaluate whether using human capital theory, or rather signaling theory. The results are ambiguous, and therefore there can not be drawn clear conclusion.
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Leaves F1 from Europe because of tobacco regulation or it will leave as well?
Masák, Tomáš ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Zajíček, Miroslav (referee)
Bernie Ecclestone (main person of F1 ) said that because of the ban on tobacco advertising F1 leaves from Europe. In today's globalized world is generally survival of World series in Europe unlikely. This thesis investigates how Bernie Ecclestone's statement aboves other economic reasons for leaving Europe. The role of tobacco was critical for F1 in terms of team's sponsorship and F1 itself. In both areas was the tobacco an important element for decades. Describing relations existing in the world of F1 which includes criteria that allow insight into the decisions about the allocation of F1 circuits and there will be a breakdown of the model into two parts. F1's promoter who as head of the body decides on the allocation of circuits direct and F1's teams that has an indirect influence on promoter's decision that derives from their status -- complements of F1's championship. Analysis of decision making model indicates that teams didn't have an effect on a decision of the promoter. The result is that the F1 promoter's decision was not influenced by tobacco advertising but rather revenues from television rights and race sanction fees.
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Are environmentally friendly cars really that environmentally friendly?
Jiroutková, Tereza ; Bartoň, Petr (advisor) ; Rotschedl, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with CO2 emissions that rise from manufacturing of new VW Golf. The basis is official study issued by Volkswagen car factory which is concerned with manufacturing emissions of 4 types of VW Golf. In this paper they leave out emissions that origin from transportatiton of components and materials from other parts of world or other parts of Europe. The purpose of thesis is to count CO2 emissions generated by operation of cargo ships and trucks that are transporting components to the Wolfsburg car factory in Germany for final assembly and determine, if the omitting of those emisssions from official study from this car factory is or is not a serious distortion. Using data on road and sea distances are there counted 3 model examples of importing from several VW car factories spread over several continents and CO2 emissions caused by this transportation of components. Through calculations and comparing the results of CO2 emissions from transportation with emissions produced during car manufacturing in Wolfsburg was not shown that the emissions were crucial. And therefore based on my calculations was not shown that the offical emission data were distorted.
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