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Qualitative research in psychology: problems and perspectives
Čermák, Ivo
The study is focused on general methodological problems of qualitative research. Some of the relevant theoretical approaches linked with qualitative research are presented: post-modern epistemology, influence of feministic knowledge version of qualitative research in psychology, transpersonal methodology. Validity of qualitatively based findings is articulated as a key problem in qualitative research. Contradiction between qualitative and quantitative methodology in psychology is conceived as false and non-productive way how to understand a human being.
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Seeking for life-stories. (Integrative function of narrativ self)
Čermák, Ivo
Seeking for life-stories (Integrative function of narrative self). Self could be coherent entity by means of permanet telling of life-story. The individual lives in the web of many different stories. The author deals shortly with the following topics pertinent to narrative self: narrative psychotherapy, importance of memory for narrative identity, emotion and making meaning in narrative context, authorship of the life story, influence of culture on narrative self.
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Hermeneutic-Narrative Approach to Validity: Interpretation of Findings in Qualitative Psychological Research
Čermák, Ivo
The question of validity of findings is dealt with either in the framework of the epistemological assumption of the existence of a fact situated outside of us (positivistic version of validity) or so called "raw data" are considered to be a myth (reelativistic version of validity). Post-modernistic reference to the multiplicity of meanings is only another version of relativism. The solution to this relativism may be found in the conceptualization of a human as a text or as a carrier of a story, the meaning of which becomes clarified through a dialogue, practical discourse, or conversation. The findings become valid not only through gradual extension of possible meanings, but also by appropriation of a meaning, which was first inferred from the origiinal text of a story. The knowledge of another person is thus dependent on the context where it is generated. Hermeneutic-narrative approach to validity is demonstrated in research examples.
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Why are Psychological Theories Intelligible to all People
Šikl, Radovan ; Čermák, Ivo
The authors try to prove in their paper that a great part of psychological principles is evident to the laymen public. The majority of people is able to infer it easy on the basis of their life experience. The questionnaire was presented to the heteroogeneous sample of 15 laymen. The items were formulated by the means of common, non-expert language with possibility of choice of the right answer.It was proved that the majority of them was able to identify the right answer without problems. The authors draw the conclusion from that fact that the basis of scientific psychology is made by common sense.
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The Relationship between Qualitative and Quantitative Research: A Clash of two Paradigms or a Path Toward Co-operation?
Štěpaníková, Irena ; Čermák, Ivo
The authors deal with the differences between qualitative and quantitative research, such as the meaning of qualitative research for the interpretation of findings, the differences pertaining to the relationship between a researcher and a subject, thee relationship between theory and research, different research strategies, the kinds of findings, the conceptualization of reality, etc. They find a helpful framework in the convergence of both the approaches in the form of methodological eclecticism, reppresented by triangulation, complementarity, and facilitation.
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