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Analysis of the institutional environment in the context of small business tax-evasion in Russia
Lopatina, Anastasia ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (oponent)
In this work we make analysis of the tax evasion practices which have become widely used by the small and medium enterprises in the Russian transitional economy. Taxation has always been the issue best describing relations between state and private business; in Russian economy taxation has come to characterize specificity of interactions between authorities at different levels of government and businessmen. We look at the current situation through the theoretical framework provided by the neoinstitutional theory which allows us to consider data and facts collected on the problem through the perspective of institutional change. By employing analytical tools of the neoinstitutionalism we consider tax evasion as a part of evolving institutional environment. Persistence and prevalence of the schemes used by small businesses to avoid payment of full tax liabilities leads us to qualify the current situation as an institutional dead-lock or in other words inefficient socio economic equilibrium: tax-evasion is seen as an illegal activity by the state and development-hampering by businesses, nonetheless the practice persists for decades. We consider that institutions are promoted and supported by different groups united by common socio-economic interest, therefore to describe and analyse this situation we identify...
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Assessing language value in the EU: a new approach to a lingering barrier
McFarlin, David ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (oponent)
The European Union has a significant task in managing the issues which arise from having 23 official languages. Preferences for language are diverse as are abilities. Further despite EU efforts in promoting multilingualism some criticism still prevails. The European Monetary Union is seen through the barriers present to mobility and the realization of a optimum currency area. Data on over 130 countries is presented as well for an index and model of language value. Finally I propose a policy which works within the trilingual intentions of the EU while geared towards the economic incentives language can provide. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The goal is liberty: How the U.S. and China fit between economic and political freedom
Winkler, Kristina ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (oponent)
Kristina Winkler [kristyna.winkler@gmail.com] IEPS Master's Thesis Proposal December 2010 Proposed title of thesis: The goal is liberty: How the U.S. and China fit between economic and political freedom. Name of supervisor: Tomas Cahlik cahlik@fsv.cuni.cz) Short outline of your proposed line of argument (including potential chapters) and the methodology you plan to use: I believe in Milton Friedman's idea that there is a tie between economic freedom and political Freedom. I believe in the idea that once economic freedom is lost, political and other freedoms will also follow suite. Having one form of freedom without the other unequalizes things and ultimately things will need to change. I'm not putting a strict time limit on how long things will take to change but I do believe that it is inevitable. In this paper I will be discussing the relation between economic and political freedom, how they feed and affect each other. I will used the United States and China in the modern context as examples and case studies relating to my concept of economic and political freedom. I will also justify my reasoning for why I believe that maintaining freedom in economic and political realms is important and needs to be preserved. I believe that Socialism trades society's supreme ideal of freedom for the hazy concept of...
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Comparative analysis of India and China focused on the economic and political development
Krchnák, Peter ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Hlaváček, Jiří (oponent)
1 Abstrakt Táto práca obsahuje rozsiahlu komparatívnu analýzu Indii a Číny. Túto analýzu je možné rozdeliť na dve časti. Prvá sa zaoberá politickým vývojom a súčasnou politickou situáciou v týchto krajinách a druhá časť je zameraná na ekonomický vývoj a súčasný stav ich hospodárstva. Prvá časť prvej kapitoly sa pozerá na politický vývoj v Číne. Sústredí sa na históriu v 19. a 20. storočí a poukazuje na to, že obdobie po páde feudalizmu bolo veľmi nepokojné. Táto kapitola končí obdobím po smrti Mau Tse- tunga. Druhá časť prvej kapitoly rozpráva o politickom vývoji v Indii, hlavne o období kým bola India Britskou kolóniou. Druhá kapitola ponúka komparatívnu analýzu súčasného politického systému v Indii a Číne. Táto kapitola ukazuje, že v Indii majú občania viac vplyvu na politické dianie, než v Číne. Druhá časť tejto práce začína s treťou kapitolou. Tretia kapitola analyzuje vývoje Čínskej ekonomiky hlavne od osemdesiatych rokov 20 storočia. Toto je obdobie kedy čínska vláda začala implementovať zásadné ekonomické zmeny do systému. Tieto zmeny transformovali čínsku plánovanú ekonomiku na niečo čo veľmi blízko pripomína trhové hospodárstvo. Štvrtá kapitola je podobná tretej, jediný rozdiel je v tom že hovorí o Indii. Odhaľuje, že vlády oboch krajín sa z počiatku rozhodli, že štát by mal mať kontrolu nad...
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Impact of remittances on investments, financial development and economic growth. Case study Moldava
Cosovan, Natalia ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Benáček, Vladimír (oponent)
Economic integration starts to be achieved faster through the international labor mobility than due to international trade or capital movements. Remittances, important international capital flows, became one of the most discussed topics in world. The migrant's transfers have become the primary source of existence in Moldova. This paper using data on transfer of funds for the period 1995-2010, attempts to examine the relationship between remittances and financial development, economic growth and investment level of Republic of Moldova. The main finding of this study is that remittances influence significantly the economic growth, the investment level. Moreover, these funds substitute for a shortage of development of the financial system and therefore promote growth. Keywords: Remittances, migrant, financial development, investment, economic growth, formal and informal channel. Author's e-mail: oti_marculescu@mail.ru Supervisor's e-mail: cahlik@fsv.cuni.cz
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Corruption practices in Bulgaria during the transition and the impact of the EU accession
Velikov, Svetlozar ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Sojka, Milan (oponent)
It is now widely recognized that corruption is harmful for economic growth, that it decreases enormously the effectiveness of aid and that it increases poverty. Corruption is a fundamental obstacle for economic development. In Eastern Europe, the radical shift in economic and political systems that occurred after 1989 made existing forms of corruption more visible and opened opportunities for new forms of corrupt practices. Bulgaria is a striking example of a country which was on the edge of economic and political collapse in the mid nineties because of the skyrocketing corruption practices in particular spheres of economic political and social life. Nowadays, ten years after the big crisis Bulgaria is a full fledged member of the European Union (EU) but even in this new reality the struggle against corruption remains the main challenge before the new governments. This thesis will outline and analyze the genesis and uncontrolled growth of corruption processes in Bulgaria during the transition period. It will provide a vast theoretical framework of the issue with definitions spheres and forms of corruption as well as a view on the corruption as a phenomenon of the transition countries. Anticorruption strategies and measures to tackle and overcome corruption in Bulgaria will be examined together with...
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Geographical indications in EU and key lessons for Korea
Kang, Bo Won ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Sojka, Milan (oponent)
The objective of this paper is to analyze how the treatment of GIs has been made by European countries and what Korea needs for future GIs development. Though the GIs are not only new emerging intellectual property for the deal trading card but also the method for economic value added products, the impact of Geographical Indications on the Korea economy has not yet been searched much. Therefore, this paper is to investigate GIs conception, functions with wide range benefits, existing legal means, historical development and GIs extension dispute of GIs in EU because GIs have been established and developed with European history and their experiences can be good guidelines for us. More importantly, case studies would highlight one or more important aspects of how GIs are interpreted and problems of which are solved in various conditions. And the current protection of GIs and barriers to GI system in Korea are also studied for the improvement for Korea GIs. The outcome of GIs superior quality may result either from natural geographic advantages such as climate and geology or from human capital in GIs manufacturing. Thus, the strategy to quantify the prospective competitive factors of GIs in Korea with should be focused on further with legal backing.
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The privatization process in the russian Federation 1992-2001
Kavreva, Anastasiya ; Sojka, Milan (vedoucí práce) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (oponent)
The property relations reforms are seen as the main elements of the post-socialist market transformation. As a result of the economic reforms carried out in the Russian Federation during the last ten - fifteen years, the fundamental changes of the ownership structure have occurred: the enterprises of different ownership forms have appeared, gradually the efficient owner and efficient corporate governance structures are appearing, the state is accumulating experience in carrying out economic policy in capitalist market economy. The aim of the thesis is to examine the process of privatization in the Russian Federation during the period of 1992-2001. The problems that I treat in the thesis are: the state of the Russian economy at the beginning of 1990s and the heritage of 'perestroika'; the first steps towards a free market economy; three stages of the privatization in Russia; main economic results of privatization and social aspects of privatization. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the state of the Russian economics at the beginning of 1990s and to the "perestroika" heritage. It covers first steps towards market economy and analysis of first 'market' legal acts that served as a criterion for the completion of the preparatory stage and a foundation for introduction of the...
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The role of direct foreign investments in the Russian economy
Karmalkova, Evgeniya ; Sojka, Milan (vedoucí práce) ; Cahlík, Tomáš (oponent)
Today, the urgency of inflow use of foreign capital investments in the Russian economy is obvious. The aspiration for openness of the economy, increase of the competitiveness of national industries, reestablishment of the confidence in the world market, the participation in the international financial exchange cause the necessity to create conditions for attraction of foreign investments. One of the major problems of reforming and modernization of the Russian economy is the ability to attract foreign direct investments. As considering serious technological gap of the Russian economy in the majority of positions, the foreign capital which could bring new (for Russia) technologies and modem methods of management is simply of utmost importance for Russia. The inflow of foreign capital investments is vitally important for the achievement of such purposes, as a way out from crisis and a basis for initial development of the economy. The Russian public interests cannot always coincide with the interests of foreign investors. It is important to involve capitals in a way that does not deprive their owners of motivations, and at the same time directing actions of investors for the welfare of the public purposes. The aim of my thesis is the complex research of a role of foreign direct investments in the economy of...
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Implementing Renewable Energy in Developing Countries: An Analysis of the Possibilities as Illustrated by Croatia and Macedonia
Maxwell, Amanda ; Cahlík, Tomáš (vedoucí práce) ; Sojka, Milan (oponent)
The thesis investigates the implementation of renewable energy sources in developing countries. As develeping states are generally not thought to be in the financial or political position to focus their efforts on developing renewable energy technologies, this paper looks at the physical, technological and economic realities of the situation. Using Croatia and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as examples, the paper finds that there are some realities present in developing countries which prove to be difficult obstacles. Nonetheless, these hindrances are not insurmountable, and can be controlled by the governments, to the benefit of all. The thesis begins with a look at Croatia and then at Macedonia - a chapter for each one, focusing first on their macroeconomic situations, then on geography, next on present energy sectors, and finally on the international commitments they both belong to which require them to implement more renewable energy sources. The third chapter looks at the five main types of renewable energies available now: hydro, wind, solar, biomass and geothermal power. The fourth chapter examines the other aspects of implementing renewable systems: the financing, the foreign direct investment, R&D sectors, government deployment methods, and technology transfers. The fifth chapter...
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