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Baltic Chthonic Beings in Comparative Perspective
Vaverová, Naďa ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
This thesis compares selected beings of Baltic folklore within a nearer Balto-Slavic areal after analysing them. It defines the term "chthonic" in accord with the current traditions and supplements it with additional traits, which it verifies afterwards. Using these traits the thesis consequently determines the chthonic properties of the beings. The comparations begin with velnias/velns, a being with assumed chthonic character, which is confirmed. The core of the thesis is dedicated to aivataras, whose mythopersonyma and appearance are examined first, followed by its functionality i.e. the plots it figures in. According to the plots aitvaras and its Baltic variants are compared with East- and West Slavic beings with focus at the plots of Czech demonologic fables. This establishes aitvaras and its equivalents posses strong serpentine traits and a relation to the revered spirits of dead ancestors. The results of this comparison are compared to previous research and some differing conclusions are presented, among them a proposal of a possible etymology of the mythopersonymum "aitvaras". No significant difference on the functional level has been discovered between the terms "aitvaras" and "kaukas". The last chapter concerns itself with the being called "laumė" and to her similar female deities and...
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The handwritten dictionary of lithuanian language from 1st half of 19th century from the Library of the National Museum
Tollarová, Anna ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Šeferis, Vaidas (referee)
Anna Tollarová; The handwritten dictionary of lithuanian language from 1st half of 19th century from the Library of the National Museum Abstract The intention of this work layid on processing, exploration and press-preparation (at least partially) of the handwritten relic, deposited in the Library of the National Museum. This archival document is possible to date to the first half of 19th century and connect it with lithuanistic legacy of František Ladislav Čelakovský. To understand the genesis of this lexicographic project was necessary to compare this dictionary with other work - Wýpisky o gazyku litewském. 1833 (sign.: IX E 4). The defined purpose solved (at least partially) these tasks: 1. To validate or refute authorship of F.L.Čelakovský. Incorporate this handwritten relic to the context of lexicographic and baltoslavic interests of the author. 2. To explore the disposition of Lithuanian dictionary: main intention, role of the dictionary, scope of lexicon, thematic range. To compare notification of the first half of 19th century to knowledge of contemporary lithuanistic. 3. To define the main source used for writing of this lexicographic work. This work continued in modest previous exploration and wants to make a contribution to release this relic to the scientific awareness.
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The handwritten dictionary of lithuanian language from 1st half of 19th century from the Library of the National Museum
Tollarová, Anna ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Šeferis, Vaidas (referee)
The intention of this work lays on processing, exploration and press-preparation (at least partially) of the handwritten relic, deposited in the Library of the National Museum. This archival document is possible to date to the first half of 19th century and connect it with lithuanistic legacy of František Ladislav Čelakovský. To understand the genesis of this lexicographic project is necessary to compare this dictionary with other work - Wýpisky o gazyku litewském. 1833 (sign.: IX E 4). The defined purpose expects to solve these tasks: 1. To validate or refute authorship of F. L. Čelakovský. Incorporate this handwritten relic to the context of lexicographic and baltoslavic interests of the author. 2. To explore the disposition of Lithuanian dictionary: main intention, role of the dictionary, scope of lexicon, thematic range. 3. To compare notification of the first half of 19th century to knowledge of contemporary lithuanistic. This work continues in modest previous exploration and wants to make a contribution to release this relic to the scientific awareness.
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Byliny of bogatyr Svyatogor: Structural and Comparative Analysis of Narrative
Dynda, Jiří ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Antalík, Dalibor (referee)
Jiří Dynda Byliny of bogatyr Svyatogor: Structural and Comparative Analysis of Narrative (MA Thesis) Abstract This thesis is an analysis and interpretation of the thirty seven textual variants of the byliny of bogatyr Svyatogor. After the general introduction to the Russian folk epics and after the presentation of issues concerning the study of oral epic literature, author's own structural concept of myth and cultural representations is presented. In the central part the thesis attempts to apply these principles to the narrative of the byliny of Svyatogor and by means of a thorough analysis it indicates, which motives and their relations were fundamental for this narrative to make sense in the local context of bylinaic tradition. The thesis claims that these narratives primarily deal with the themes of the initiation of a young hero, the generation conflict and the transmission of a mentor's position to his apprentice (or, metaphorically, a father's position to his son). This hypothesis is subsequently tested via a two phased comparative analysis of the central motives and their clusters: Firstly, the comparison is made in the context of the bylinaic traditions per se and in the context of the ethnographic situation at the Russian North (internal comparison), and secondly, in the wider scope of the Eurasian...
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Folklore group "Skejušan": past, present, perspectives. Case study of cultural strategy
Malinová, Irina ; Lendělová, Věra (advisor) ; Lemeškin, Ilja (referee) ; Otčenášek, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the forms and ways of presentation of the cultural heritage of the chosen ethnic group, Ruthenians, by introducing the Skejusan ensemble. The work has the form of a case study and deals with the ensemble including the characteristics of its repertoire - songs, national customs and traditions. The ensemble is important for its endeavour to preserve only the Ruthenian folklore in a conservative way (unlike other Ruthenian ensembles in the Czech Republic). In this way, the interpretation of folklore does not include only isolated songs, but takes into account also the original context, in which the songs had existed in the culture. The thesis contributes by its research and its conclusions to the discussion about the problems of Ruthenian national minority, tries to characterize the complicated national identity of the Ruthenians in the multicultural milieu of the Czech Republic, and defines also the influence of this milieu on the Ruthenian culture. The work also deals with the history of migration of relatively small group of so-called Skejus Ruthenians, it analyzes and clarifies the historic route of transmission of traditions and customs during their migration from Slovakia to Romania and their subsequent movement from Romania to Czech Lands. The work also compares...
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Dievturība - the Latvian religious movement
Vacíková, Michala ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Lemeškin, Ilja (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe origins, history, activity and influence of a Latvian religious movement called Dievturība, established in Latvia in the interwar period, interruption of their activities as a consequence of the Soviet occupation in 1940 and its renewal in exile, especially in the United States, where the followers of Dievturība built an important Latvian cultural centre, as well as its rebirth in the independent Latvia after 1990. With the help of the American Dievturi Latvian followers try to gain more attention through organizing cultural events and raise public awareness of Dievturība. Furthermore the thesis surveys origins of the movement's doctrine, contacts of Dievturība with folklore groups, attitude of its followers, Dievturi, towards politics and media and especially the significance of Dievturība for forming the modern Latvian society. Special attention is paid to Ernests Brastiņš, a founder of the movement, to his life, thoughts, ideas and plans connected with his effort to revive Latvian national cultural consciousness. There are also important the views of critics of Dievturība's doctrine and its understanding of pre-Christian Latvian religion, to which Dievturība relates. In my work I also try to outline the pre-Christian Latvian religion and to find differences...
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A Conceptual Novel by Alberts Bels
Císařová, Svatava ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
This dissertation presents an analysis of the genre of conceptual novel created by the Latvian novelist Alberts Bels. Specifically, it deals with four novels that have been translated into the Czech language: The Investigator (1967), The Cage (1972), The Voice of a Herald (1973) and Insomnia (1987); however, the author focuses predominantly on People in Boats (1987), a novel that is yet to be translated and is regarded to be one of Bels's most accomplished novels. The selected extracts, translated by the author of this dissertation, are representative of the nature of Bels's work as well as of his artistic and personal contribution to the Latvian literature and culture in general. The dissertation focuses on literary interpretations of the selected works and treats them with regard to the period of their conception, because themes such as 'individual' and 'nation', 'time' and 'stream of history', human and ethical values and, above all, moral decline of an individual and of the entire society on the background of political and cultural development in Latvia become central in Bels's conceptual novels. Their conceptuality lies mainly in their highly compact form, through which Bels voices his philosophical ideas, implicit in the overtones of his novels.
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Female deities in the Latvian mythology and folklore
Obuszáková, Markéta ; Štoll, Pavel (advisor) ; Lemeškin, Ilja (referee)
The thesis is focused on analysis of the depiction of female deitites in Latvian folklore and mythology. The main attention is given to the central goddess of Fate, Laima, and two other goddesses connected with human fate, Dēkla and Kārta. The thesis further investigates special goddesses frequently appearing in Latvian folklore - the so-called Mothers (Mātes). The deities are considered mainly from the functional point of view, based on both folklore material (Latvian folk songs called dainas, national fairy tales, legends and superstitions) and the previous Latvian research in folklore and mythology.
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Psychological Prose by Regina Ezera
Říhová, Monika ; Lemeškin, Ilja (advisor) ; Štoll, Pavel (referee)
ABSTRACTS This thesis is concerned with the psychological prose by Regīna Ezera. The first chapter gives an insight into the writer's personality. The chapter also outlines the situation in Latvian literature in the period from the restoration of Soviet occupation at the end of World War II throughout the 1990s. The following two chapters are devoted to the analysis of specific Ezera's works, namely three works that were translated into the Czech language (The Well, Aka, 1972, Summer Lasted for Just One Day, Vasara bija tikai vienu dienu, 1974, A Man Needs a Dog, Cilvēkam vajag suni, 1975) and some works that have not yet been translated (Smouldering Fires, Zemdegas, 1977, A Dragon's Egg, Pūķa ola, 1995 and some short proses included in the book The Princess Phenomenon, Princeses Fenomens, 1985 especially so-called zoological novellas and so-called crazy stories). The fourth chapter contains a translation of the short story called August, Month of Apples, Augusts, ābolu mēness included in the book The Princess Phenomenon. The translation is the original work by the author of the thesis. In the final chapter the main features of analysed works are summarised.
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