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The bowl as a depository of memories.
JANSKÝ, Petr
The work titled "Bowl as a storehouse of memories" is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is briefly outlined basic difference between collection and collecting. As a basic literary source is book called "Have or to be by Erich Fromm". Terms ritual, fetish and totem are in more detail characterized in connection with the collection. The practical part includes the first defining of concept. The realization process of massive glass object requires detailed and flawless familiarity with the entire production process - from the choice of material forms, through a kind fused glass, to dealing with the calculation of melting and cooling including the choice of final finishes. The work also includes pictures.
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Divorces and women's income: initial findings for the Czech Republic based on individual data
Janský, Petr ; Pertold, Filip ; Šatava, Jiří
In most cases, divorce leads to a radical change in life situation with many consequences for both divorcees. Nowadays nearly half of all marriages in the Czech Republic end in divorce and so this has been and will continue to be part of life for a significant proportion of the country's population. The consequences of divorce are highly influenced by the division of labour within the couple prior to their separation. There is a high level of division in most Czech families. Women spend much more time caring for children, relatives and the home, while men are largely focused on paid employment. We estimate that married women aged 20 to 70 who are neither studying nor in receipt of an old-age pension would see their net incomes fall by 20 % if they ceased to share income within their household (e.g. as a result of divorce and separation). Households led by divorced women report some of the lowest incomes per household member. The average income in a female-led divorced household is one fifth lower than in married households and a quarter lower than in households led by divorced men. Divorced women are, however, more economically active than married women; this is probably a reaction to their loss of income following divorce. Nevertheless this difference could also suggest that women who are economically active are less attractive as partners (Bertrand, 2016).
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Impact of taxes and social benefits on income inequality and relative poverty in the Czech Republic
Janský, Petr ; Kalíšková, Klára ; Münich, Daniel
International comparisons have long shown that income inequality and the proportion of people at risk of relative poverty in the Czech Republic are among the lowest both in the EU and across the world's most developed countries (OECD). Data from representative surveys on household incomes and expenditures show that the Czech tax and social benefits system has rather little effect on income equality and the risk of poverty. Relatively low variation in gross income, for which the old-age pension system plays a key role, plays a greater part in maintaining the low rates of both measures. If besides direct taxes and social benefits we also take into account the effects of indirect taxation (value added tax and consumer taxes), then we find that the current system reduces income inequality relatively little, and in fact slightly increases the relative poverty risk. 80 % of those in relative poverty and 33 % of other individuals are in receipt of at least one social benefit. Only 38 % of total expenditures on state social support are spent on people who are at risk of relative income poverty. The most potentially effective benefits for reducing relative income inequality and overall poverty rates are benefits in material need (contributions towards basic living costs and accommodation). The most effective instrument for reducing the proportion of the population at risk of relative income poverty is child benefit.
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State officials: what is their number, where and at what wages they work?
Bouchal, Petr ; Janský, Petr
In this work, on the basis of available data, we submit and quantify the numbers and wages of civil servants and their trend during the last ten years. On the basis of data from final national account we refer to their restriction. We warn of fields and topics, in which the decision-making on civil servants, including preparations for new law, is need to be supported by more quality date and more detailed analysis.
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Regional differences in purchasing power: price levels, wages and pensions
Janský, Petr ; Bajgar, M.
Price levels affect real incomes across countries and regions. We compare real incomes of workers\nand pensioners across 14 regions of the Czech Republic. We find that taking into account regional\ndifferences in price levels compresses the income differences between regions for private sector\nemployees, but increases them for pensioners and some groups of public-sector employees. This\nresult is strengthened when we employ microeconomic data to reflect the education, occupations,\nage and gender of workers. Private-sector wages in Prague are 43% higher than in the rest of the\ncountry, but one half of this difference can be explained by Prague’s higher price level and the\nother half by workers’ characteristics. When we take these two factors into account, public-sector\nwages and pensions are the lowest in Prague. We discuss the benefi ts and costs of the government reflecting the regional price levels in setting public-sector wages or pensions.\n\n
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