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Traffic crime and its prevention
Kukrál, Petr ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Zusammenfassung Das Thema der Diplomarbeit ist Verkehrskriminalität und ihre Prävention. Ich habe dieses ausgewählt, weil ich es sehr aktuell betrachte. Der Verkehr ist gegenwärtig ein üblicher Bestandteil unseres Lebens. Verkehrkriminalität betrifft fast alle Menschen. Jeder von uns kann sowohl Obfer, als auch Täter werden. Zugleich handelt es sich um das Thema. Das die Aufmerksamkeit noch nicht verdient. Angesichts der Schadenhöhen, der Anzahl der Todesfälle und der Verletzten handelt es sich um einen Bereich, der einen erheblichen Einfluss auf das Leben sowohl der ganzen Gesellschaft, als auch einer individuellen Person hat. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Hauptuhrsachen der Verkehrkriminalität zu analysieren und anschlieβend die Vorbeugungen zu erzielen. Die Diplomarbeit besteht aus Einleitung, 3 Kapitel und Schlussvollgerung. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich Fenomenologie der Verkehrskriminalität. Es werden hier die Fachbegriffe von Vekehrsdelikten erklärt, die üblichsten Verkehrsstraftaten beschrieben und es wird auch aufmerksam auf Besonderheiten dieser Art von Straftaten gemacht. Das 2. Kapitel gibt einen überblick über die Ursachen und bedingungen der Verkehrskriminalität. Es wird hier der Begriff Verkehrsunfall, als die Hauptuhrsache der Verkehrkriminalität, definiert. Im Weiteren...
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The Determination of Modus Operandi
Vraníková, Monika ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is to provide description of modus operandi. Specifically it is focusing on determining factors and their influence on modus operandi. It is divided into seven main chapters. Theory is supplemented with examples of forensic practice. The first chapter is providing the description of term modus operandi. This section is also including the part dealing with terminology. Following chapter is about components of modus operandi. The components are divided by their character and their degree of complexity. The third section is dealing with determination in general. The thesis continues by two chapters describing the determinants of modus operandi. The first section is analysis of objective determinants and the following part is about subjective factors. Section of determination is devoted an immense part of my thesis. The sixth chapter is describing mechanisms of formation modus operandi. Conclusion is dealing with forensic significance of modus operandi, concretely the significance for creation of investigative versions, forensic record "modus operandi systém", forensic identification and also for forensic prevention.
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Methodology of investigation of rape (specific issues)
Šandová, Marcela ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Resume This thesis called Methodology of rape investigation (specific issues) is focused on problems with rape investigations, special attention is paid to treatment of authorities (and other persons) with victims in criminal proceedings. The reason for my choice of this theme is the lack of attention given to this topic (particularly handling with victims). Although in the last few years the situation is getting better, the specific investigating problems remain. The thesis is divided into five chapters, first two of them are more theoretical, other sections are rather practical and are based on my own empirical research from court cases which I have studied. Chapter One deals with the criminal view of rape, especially history of rape and legal definitions in Czech statutes. The next part of the chapter is focused on criminological aspects of this crime, i.e. possible causes of rape, typology of offenders and victims, definition of secondary victimisation etc. Chapter Two is about methodology of rape investigation, and is specialized on the most frequent investigating acts connected with rape, i.e. interrogation, examination of victim's body, crime scene examination, genetic expert opinion, psychiatric expert opinion etc. The end of the chapter reveals myths associated with rape. Next chapter is based on...
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Tactics to avoid false testimony
Machatová, Tereza ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
1 Die Kurzfassung Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der Taktik der Überwindung der erlogenen Aussage bei der Vernehmung. Sie konzertiert sich in diesem Kontext auf ein Paar Themen, die unmittelbar vernehmende sind. Besonders handelt es sich um die Vorbereitung und den Verlauf der Vernehmung. Die Diplomarbeit befasst sich auch mit den Personen, die die andere vernehmen, oder die vernehmen wird. Bei den vernehmenden Personen konzentriert sich die Diplomarbeit hauptsächlich auf die Beschuldigte und die Zeugen, bei denen ein hohes Risiko sein kann, dass sie mit einer potenziellen Motivation lügenhaft aussagen können. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, den Querschnitt durch die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über die erlogene Aussage bei der Vernehmung zu machen. Besonders wenn es sich um die Indikatoren und die nachfolgende Methodik handelt, die eine Anleitung sein können, um eine erlogene Aussage bei den konkreten Typen der Menschen zu überwinden. Am Schluss der Arbeit wird es sich auch mit physischdetektiven Untersuchungen befasst. Ein Teil der Arbeit sind auch die Ergebnisse der gegenwärtigen polizeilichen Praxis.
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Analysis of essentiality of glmM gene coding for phosphoglucosamine mutase of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Krupička, Jiří ; Branny, Pavel (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
Phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM) is an enzyme of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The main aim of this thesis was to find out, whether gene glmM is essential for viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, we prepared merodiploid strain containing two copies of glmM; the genomic gene and ectopic copy under control of zinc inducible promoter. Subsequently, depletion strain was prepared by deletion of genomic copy of glmM. This strain was further used for analysis of viability and phenotype features in the medium containing various concentrations of zinc ions, an inducer of ectopic glmM expression. We found out, that the viability of this strain was strictly dependent on the concentration of inducer and further, that depletion of GlmM resulted in remarkable morphological defects. The rescue of mutant strain was observed after addition of inducer up to the level of the control sample. These results have provided the evidence of glmM essentiality for S. pneumoniae viability. Furthermore, we analyzed, whether phosphorylation of key amino acid residues, S99 and S101, is essential for GlmM functionality. Four different strains were prepared by means of site-directed mutagenesis expressing glmM with substitutions of key serine residues for alanine or glutamic acid. Since deletion of chromosomal locus in...
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Forensic ballistics
Papírníková, Lenka ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to introduce the basic information about the forensic ballistics and about the procedure of ballistic experts. The first chapter is dedicated to clarification the fundamental terms of the subject matter of this thesis. Beside the term of forensic ballistics I also introduce the meaning of some other related terms used in the following text. Next chapter deals with the history and development of the ballistics. The key feature of every ballistic researches are the ballistics marks described in the third chapter. I focus on the ballistic marks division, the origin and occurrence and receiving of these. The gunshot residues are mentioned in their own subchapter. The objects of the ballistic researches, listed in the chapter four, are firearms, ammunition and animate or inanimate target. Next chapter deals with the range of ballistic researches which can be divided into two groups. Within the frame of the identification examination of firearms and ammunition, the individual and group identification of the gun used in a criminal offence is performed. That means the ballistic marks from the seized firearm are compared with the ones detected in a crime scene. Within the frame of the non- identification examination the firearms and ammunition characteristics, the shooting direction,...
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Methods of investigation of murders (selected issues)
Saňáková, Ivana ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
The thesis "Methodology of Investigation of Murders (selected issues)" deals only with the selected aspects of the methodology of this crime. Since the topic is too broad, it is not within the author's possibilities to cover the topic completely while working on this thesis. For this reason, only selected points of view on the investigation of this serious crime are discussed in details. The thesis is divided into two main chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the introduction to this topic. The initial subchapter provides a wider view of crime murder from the perspective of criminal law. It also describes the legal regulation providing the basic human right, specifically the right to life, as stated in the Czech legal order, including the documents at European or international level as well. The second subchapter deals with the physical as well as fault elements of this crime. The whole chapter is interwoven with historical aspects and background, while the author also comes with the comparison of current legislation with the previous one. The following subchapter contains the comparison of this crime with the similar crimes, particularly manslaughter, infanticide, negligent homicide and also the participation in suicide. In the next section, current statistics about the quantity of murders in...
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Fingerprinting - Past, Present and Future
Semera, Lukáš ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Konrád, Zdeněk (referee)
FINGERPRINTING - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE The objective of this thesis is to present the forensic fingerprinting as a scientific method which, although in comparison with other forensic sciences being one of the oldest, is not out-dated at all, quite to the contrary - it presents an ever-changing and continuously developing field of science. The objective is approached through three distinctive and yet intertwined chapters corresponding with the title of the thesis - past, present and future of the fingerprinting. They are also designed, at least in part, to capture this constant forward motion. Accordingly, the first chapter aims to describe briefly scientific roots of the method, the way it drew in its beginnings from various scientific discoveries, inspired by the rise of Darwinism. Particular emphasis is put on the description of the formulation and empirical confirmation of three physiological laws of fingerprinting that even today serve as its grounds. The second chapter deals with and tries to describe the current state of knowledge and particular methods used in detection, development and preservation of fingerprints, especially latent ones. To do this it seems to be necessary to describe briefly the anatomy and physiology of friction ridge skin, as it enables to fully comprehend the way in...
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Issues of punishment for traffic offences
Klinovský, Karel ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
My thesis is focused on the issues of the punishment for traffic offences. This topic is actually in the spotlight of the social discourse since the relatively high number of tragic traffic accidents leads to the call for the solution of the anomy on the Czech roads. One of possible solutions is also a proportional use of the state repression using the legal tools of the criminal law. The goal of this thesis is an analysis of all the punishments applicable to the traffic offences and their de lege lata and de lege ferenda evaluation. In the first part of this thesis, I will define all kinds of transportation and their legal basis. This is necessary to put the road traffic offences into their proper place in the system of traffic related offences. Furthermore, I define the traffic offence and I also elaborate on which offences are traffic offences per se. My conclusion is that we should use more restrictive approach when it comes to listing the traffic offence. Later on, I modify this restrictive approach by adding the offences of reckless endangerment and obstruction of an official decision. As a part of this chapter, I also examine each offence in the context of their practical use and judicial decisions. The second part of this thesis is focused on the traffic offender. A very specific aspect of...
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Dactylography - History, Present and Future
Jelínek, Milan ; Konrád, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Krupička, Jiří (referee)
Dactylography - History, Present and Future This thesis introduces one of the most important identification methods - dactylography (or dactyloscopy), e.g. the method based on analysis and classification of patterns of friction ridges (especially fingerprints). This thesis consists of three main chapters considering its name. The first chapter describes interesting history of this method from first discoveries, through various breakthroughs, to reaching the status of forensic evidence. This chapter mainly focuses on individual pioneers on the field of dactylography, but tells as well the story of Czechoslovak dactylography and reminds cases, that were very close to prove this method wrong at its fragile beginning. The second chapter focuses on the present of dactylography. This chapter starts with three basic laws of dactylography, but the essence of it lies in the term "dactyloscopic evidence". The methods of revelation, analysis and preservation of dactyloscopic evidence are described here as well as their comparison. If it comes to analysis, I am trying to compare two approaches used today (holistic and numerical) and offer my opinion which one is better. Also, I am trying to answer the question, if it is possible to tell how old the dactyloscopic evidence is. The third and the last chapter...
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