|
| |
|
|
Circadian system of the retina
Kozel, Tomáš ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Moravcová, Simona (referee)
Most of the known living organisms have developed an evolutionary adaptation to a 24-hour daily rhythm. This rhythm, known as circadian rhythm, can be preserved even in the environment, in which there is no access to light or other synchronizer. The master organ of circadian rhythm is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and have been considered the only autonomous circadian oscillator for a long time. The new research, however, has doubted this hypothesis by showing the existence of autonomous circadian clock systems independent of SCN. One of these autonomous clocks is the circadian system in the retina. This bachelor thesis reviews current scientific knowledge on the function of mammalian retinal circadian oscillator, most importantly in the field of its localization, connection with the SCN master circadian oscillator and its influence on retinal physiology.
|
|
|
Internal communication within the circadian system and its significance for our health
Honzlová, Petra ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Moravcová, Simona (referee)
Mammalian circadian cycle is generated by hierarchically organized system of internal rhythmical oscillations in clock gene expression (Clock, Bmal1, Per, Cry, Rev-Erb, etc.) which take place in nearly all living cells in our body. The master pacemaker is located in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in hypothalamus. According to its synchronization to photic and non-photic external stimuli SCN generates signal for entrainment of peripheral clock. Peripheral clock synchronization is maintained via neuronal or hormonal (glucocorticoids, melatonin) pathways, regulation of body temperature or food intake and affects various physiological processes. Desynchronization of central and peripheral clock can be the cause or the manifestation of impaired health condition. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Cannabinoid signalling and its physiological significance
Pavluch, Vojtěch ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Moravcová, Simona (referee)
Lidská společnost je ve styku s kanabinoidními látkami již od starověku. Ať už lidé využívali rostlinnou biomasu nebo bylinné léčitelství, bylo konopí vždy předmětem diskuzí. Poznatky objasňující molekulární principy účinku látek obsažených přírodně jen v konopí jsou však známy jen několik málo desítek let. Cílem této práce je charakterizovat subtypy receptorů, na které se kanabinoidy vážou, molekulární mechanismy jejich působení, následné konsekvence ve fyziologii a také poukázat na potenciální uplatnění jak rostlinných, tak syntetických kanabinoidů v lékařství. Kanabinoidní receptory jsou hojně se vyskytující podskupinou integrálních membránových receptorů, spadající do velké rodiny receptorů spřažených s G-proteiny. Vzhledem k ubikviternímu výskytu v organismu tyto receptory po aktivaci příslušnými lipofilními ligandy ovlivňují celou škálu fyziologických pochodů. Vazba kanabinoidních látek na daný subtyp těchto receptorů spouští specifickou signální kaskádu v buňce a ovlivňuje tak určitým způsobem buněčný metabolismus. Studium kanabinoidních receptorů a jejich ligandů přispívá k porozumění procesům zahrnujícím tvorbu paměti a učení, ale také mechanismům zapojeným v analgézii, imunomodulaci a buněčné proliferaci. Tyto receptory však ovlivňují také fyziologii kardiovaskulárního systému nebo...
|
|
|
Apoptosis in rat myocardium: effect of morphine
Moravcová, Simona ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Ostašov, Pavel (referee)
2. Abstract The aim of this dissertation was to study the expression of proteins that participate in apoptosis in myocardium of rats treated with low (0,1 mg/kg; 1 mg/kg) and high (10 mg/kg) doses of morphine. Low doses of morphine were administered daily for 28 days and high doses for 10 days. In addition, the effect of one week of drug withdrawal was studied in animals administered 1 mg/kg of morphine. Another aim was to determine activity of caspase-3 in samples of rat myocardium prepared from control rats and those exposed to high dose (10 mg/kg) of morphine for 10 days. The balance between cell division and cell death is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. Apoptosis is controled by proteins from the Bcl-2 family. These proteins are able to regulate permeability of outer mitochondrial membrane and may facilitate the release of cytochrom c and other proteins from mitochondria under certain conditions. The release of these proteins then leads to activation of executive enzymes of apoptosis. In this thesis we investigated the expression of proapoptotic proteins AIF, Bax, Bak, Bid and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in samples from left myocardial ventricles of rats that was treated with different doses of morphine. Except for a significant decrease in the expression of AIF after short-term treatment...
|
|
|
Role of apoptosis in the mechanism of opioid effect
Moravcová, Simona ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Ostašov, Pavel (referee)
2. Abstract Opioids have been used as effective analgesics for many years. The worst problem is, however, their adverse effects and potential addiction. There are three known types of opioid receptors that differ mainly in their sensitivity to different opioids and their distribution in the CNS. This work also deals with apoptosis. Apoptosis is an important process not just in the embryonic development, e.g. for the right differentation of fingers and toes, but also in the adulthood, e.g. to suppress tumour formation. Whereas an apoptotic pathway can be initiated in many different ways, there is only one mechanism that actually causes the death of a cell. It is important for the cell death and division to be in balance. The breach of this balance may result in pathologic effects. This work summarizes the effects of opioids in connection with apoptosis. The main object of the research of this relationship was morphine which has both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects. Another two frequently investigated opioids are methadone and heroin. Heroin is mainly used in the studies researching the impact of this highly addictive opioid on the apoptosis and embryonic development. Keywords: opioids, opioid receptors, G-proteins, apoptosis, morphine
|
|
|
Regulation of the expression of MHC class I molecules and other immunoactive molecules on tumor cells
Moravcová, Simona ; Vopálenský, Václav (referee) ; Reiniš, Milan (advisor)
4 Abstract Regulation of the expression of MHC class I molecules and other immunoactive molecules on tumor cells The aim of this master thesis project was to characterize the effects of IFNγ, TNFα and of the epigenetic agents 5-azacytidine (5AC) and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AZAD) on the expression of molecules important for antigen presentation and modulation of the immune responses against tumors (MHC class I molecules and other immunoactive molecules CD54, CD80, B7-H1, B7-H2 and CD1d) on tumor cells. The experimental model used for this purpose were the HPV16-associated murine tumor cell lines, either MHC class I positive or negative. The goal was to determine the changes in surface expression of these molecules after treatment by FACS studies and also the expression at the mRNA level using qPCR. Expression of these proteins was also compared in the experiments in vitro on tumor cell lines and ex vivo on tumor cells explanted from animals. The most interesting result is the observation that 5AZAD increases the expression of B7-H1 which inhibits T cell mediated immune response and that 5AZAD and IFNγ act synergistically in the induction of the expression of MHC class I, CD54 and B7-H1 molecules. Klíčová slova: imunoeditace, protinádorová imunita, HVP16, MHC glykoproteiny I. třídy, B7-H1, IFNγ, TNFα,...
|
|
| |
|
|
Contacts
MORAVCOVÁ, Soňa
This diploma is devided into two major parts. Theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I consider the meaning of touch which is ambiguouse. Fist of all it should express, by the form of art, our desire and necessity to establish into relationship with another human-being, get in touch and get to know each other. By the time of working at this cycle my form is beginning to change. Touch doesn´t only express relationship but they´re also recording my touching, getting to know myself. The practical part of my thesis focus on production figures. It consists of a cycle of paintings, fiberboard of various sizes made by acrylic technique. These paintings capture directly human bodies in positions of touching, proximity, delay. They capture the joy in positions of direct touch againts deprivation when a person is deprived of contact with another person. The starting point of this thesis is personality and emocionality.
|
|
| |
guest ::
