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Trunk muscle activity and walkin
Svobodová, Jaroslava ; Opálková, Michaela (advisor) ; Davídek, Pavel (referee)
Bakalářská práce Aktivita trupového svalstva při chůzi Abstract This thesis refers to the anatomy and the kinesiology of trunk, spine and pelvis. In addition, it deals with the control of gait and gait biomechanics. Nevertheless, the main aim of this thesis is to summarize the information on the activity of trunk muscles during walking. This includes also trunk muscle activity during modified walking. This part reviews the changes of trunk muscle activity in reaction to low back pain and to the changes in walking speed. Thesis is focused on the activity of abdominal and back muscles such as m. rectus abdominis, m. obliguus externus abdominis, m. obliguus internus abdominis, m. transversus abdominis and m. erector trunci. The thesis also includes a case study of a patient who suffers from chronic low back pain. The activity of some of her trunk muscles was recorded by surface electromyography. In addition, the patient was tested using the zebris Rehawalk FDM-T system.
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Evaluation of selective voluntary muscle control in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Impact on the severity of spasticity and gross motor function level
Opálková, Michaela ; Kolář, Pavel (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
Author's first name and surname: Michaela Opálková Title of the master thesis: Evaluation of selective voluntary muscle control in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Impact on the severity of spasticity and gross motor function level. Department: Department of rehabilitation and sports medicine, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Supervisor: doc. PaedDr. Pavel Kolář, PhD. The year of presentation: 2012 Abstract: This thesis should provide comprehensive information about pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spasticity and spastic movement disorder with special attention to children with cerebral palsy. Spasticity and selective voluntary motor control assessment possibilities will be summarized. Classification systems of the gross motor functions (levels of locomotion) are also mentioned. The main objective is to elaborate selective motor control ability scale (IP) which is newly proposed in this study. The need for such instrument and its feasibility for clinical practice intend to be confirmed. The level of locomotion of 25 children with spastic cerebral palsy is compared with IP outputs, spasticity measurement outputs using Ashworth scale respectively. Keywords: spasticity, selective voluntary motor control, locomotion, scale
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Subjective perception of during predominantly concentric and predominantly eccentric excercise
Opálková, Michaela ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Doubková, Lucie (referee)
This thesis pursues the function of human skeletal muscle. It describes the sarcomere and current theories of the muscle contraction. In addition to conventional sliding sarcomere theory the new large - scale model is included. It is called rotational theory and it works on the basis of rotating helical molecules which are functionally coupled. Muscle reaction to stretching in dependence on the stretch length and velocity are folded in. The chapter Neural Commands is not comprehensive. Its purpose is to review the differences between neural control of concentric and eccentric contraction, respectively. Following parts summarize the integration of eccentric contraction into human movement, instantaneous reactions and adaptation processes. The last theoretical part deals with subjective perception of stress during predominantly concentric and predominantly eccentric exercise. The applied part consists of the outcomes of measurement of peak and averaged heart rate before and after bouts of running with predominantly concentric (uphill running) and predominantly eccentric (downhill running) exercise. Subjective rate of physical and psychical condition were registered at identical situation using visual analogue scale. Twelve high school students were measured. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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