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Public budgeting : a study case of the Republic of Moldova
Sofianu, Nicoleta ; Dědek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
The paper provides a comprehensive and analytical insight of the budgetary process and the existing budget practices from the international experience perspective, including a thorough analysis of the medium-term framework and of the performance budgeting. It offers a detailed review of the budget mechanisms and techniques used in designing the budget system. It then provides an analytical review of the Moldovan current budget planning system. The main findings are: 1) Budgeting is not anymore a mechanical process; it reflects priority and objective policies and obligations a state assumes. 2) Budget procedures and methods used are result-oriented and based on performance indicators. 3) Modern budgetary procedures are used in all developed countries and are being implemented in developing countries. OECD, IMF and the WB recommend the approaches. 4) Moldova makes efforts to harmonize with international standards. While MTEF is already functional, the performance budgeting still does not cover all budget sectors and it is still not entirely used in the decision making process regarding the budget planning. The research is based on a large volume of existing relevant international literature, as well as on Moldovan approved normative and legislative acts, reports and assessments done mostly by international...
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Informative value of the cost efficiency concept in banking
Marková, Katarína ; Mejstřík, Michal (advisor) ; Pečená, Magda (referee)
The concept of cost efficiency has repeatedly been proven to have some signaling effect for the risk of a bank failure. In this paper we examine the informative value of the efficiency scores of institutions that have been experiencing distress within the current 'subprime' crisis. For this purpose we employ the parametric stochastic cost frontier method and estimate the cost frontier of five European banking sectors using the pre-crisis data of the period 2004-2007. On a sample of 18 bailed-out institutions we then investigate whether abnormal development in terms of relative cost efficiency preceded the distress. We find that in all examined sectors, except of the British one, distressed institutions performed prior to the crisis on average worse than their peers in terms of relative cost efficiency. Besides, we observe that while the high-profile rescue cases of continental Europe (Dexia, Fortis, HRE) were preceded by years of excessively poor performance, the bailed-out British banks were in all concerns best performers within their relevant industries. The paper is concluded by a discussion of the fundamental risks that result from the current reshaping of the European banking industry. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Impact Assessment case study: EU ETS and investment decision-making of power generators
Chvalkovská, Jana ; Hrubý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
This thesis is focused on the assessment of impacts of the regulatory uncertainty related to the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) on investment decision- making of power generators. The need for investments in new power generation capacities that would be capable to satisfy in the future the growing electricity demand is currently a discussed topic on the Czech as well as on the EU level. These investments are endangered by the uncertainty regarding the future development of the EU ETS regulatory framework, which is a major price driver of the tradable emission allowances. This thesis uses the real option model to analyze the impacts of potential future developments of the emission allowance prices on the investments into new power plants and identifies the regulatory uncertainty as one of the major causes, why investors postpone the investment into the construction of new sources. The analysis is embedded into a broader framework depicturing the EU ETS and the impact assessment procedure conducted by the European Commission.
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The Efficiency of Regulation in the European Union
Serdarevič, Goran ; Mejstřík, Michal (advisor) ; Žigić, Krešimir (referee) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
This dissertation deals with the topic of economic regulation, focusing on applying empirical methods to assess the efficiency of regulatory measures used in different areas of the EU economy. It consists of three parts, the first part looks at the functioning of the EU merger control, the second and third focus on the relationship between regulation, competition and investment in telecommunications markets. The first chapter deals with the EU competition policy and the specific area of merger control, analysing empirically the impact of introducing more economic approach in evaluating competition effects of mergers at the EU level. Our key finding is that the regulatory reform introduced in 2004 has, to some extent, enhanced the efficiency of European merger control. This implies that the Commission's assessments of mergers under the new regulation post the 2004 reform are more consistent with the independent market evaluations. We find that the probability of an anti-competitive deal being cleared decreases significantly under the new regulatory framework. Nevertheless, the occurrence of unnecessary remedies imposed on pro-competitive mergers has not decreased as the result of the new merger control. Overall, our results indicate that more economic approach applied post 2004 reform increased the...
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Transaction Costs in Public Procurement
Reimarová, Hana ; Gutiérrez Chvalkovská, Jana (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
Reimarová - Abstract The term public procurement refers to a contract between public entity and private companies. The public procurement contracts are regulated by the Public Procurement Act, which specifies the rules under which the public procurement should be performed and sets conditions of award procedures of public contracts. The quality of execution of the award procedure influences the efficiency and the transparency of the contract. The award procedure can be executed by internal employees of the contractor or outsourced. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze whether the contractors behave rationally when they outsource the award procedure; this thesis evaluates the differences between an in-house administration and an outsourced administration in prices, efficiency in terms of number of bidders in the contract and probability of formal errors in the award procedure. The results of the analysis shows that small contractors behave rationally; when they administrate the award procedure in-house they tend to make more formal errors thus they outsource the procedure. On the other hand, the large contractors do not behave rationally, because they outsource the administration of award procedure even if all three indicators show that they administrate the procedure in-house more successfully. The...
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Inflation targeting performance in emerging economies and some lessons for Moldova
Talasimova, Irina ; Holub, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
The present paper has attempted to provide an empirically argumented basis on the existing conflict about effectiveness of IT regime on lowering inflation and inflation volatility. In the first part we perform panel analysis on a group of 43 emerging and developing economies for a more recent period ranging from 1997 to 2011, distinguishing between normal and crisis times as well as between geographical regions. Differently from common studies we applied dynamic panel model specification that controls for reverse causality of regime adoption. Despite broad arguments addresing IT ineffectiveness, our results support the regime and imply that shifting to IT will lower both inflation and inflation volatility in normal times. Model specification during the external shocks was inconclusive on the selected sample with relatively recent IT history. Regarding the geographical IT performance, we outlined that regime effectiveness was uniform along analyzed regions. In the second part we perform a preliminary analysis of a developing economy IT experience and conclude that, even though there are some problems of technical nature and main policy rate is still a weak instrument of transmission channel, the Republic of Moldova chose right time for regime adoption and has made considerable progress towards the...
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Impact assessment case study : EU ETS and investment decision-making of power generators
Chvalkovská, Jana ; Hrubý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
This thesis is focused on the assessment of impacts of the regulatory uncertainty related to the EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS) on investment decision-making of power generators. The need for investments in new power generation capacities that would be capable to satisfy in the future the growing electricity demand is currently a discussed topic on the Czech as well as on the EU level. These investments are endangered by the uncertainty regarding the future development of the EU ETS regulatory framework, which is a major price driver of the tradable emission allowances. This thesis uses the real option model to analyze the impacts of potential future developments of the emission allowance prices on the investments into new power plants and identifies the regulatory uncertainty as one of the major causes, why investors postpone the investment into the construction of new sources. The analysis is embedded into a broader framework depicturing the EU ETS and the impact assessment procedure conducted by the European Commission. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Stress Testing of the Banking Sector in Emerging Markets A Case of the Selected Balkan Countries
Vukelić, Tatjana ; Jakubík, Petr (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Michal (referee)
Stress testing is a macro-prudential analytical method of assessing the financial system's resilience to adverse events. This thesis describes the methodology of the stress tests and illustrates the stress testing for credit and market risks on the real bank-by-bank data in the two Balkan countries: Croatia and Serbia. Credit risk is captured by the macroeconomic credit risk models that estimate the default rates of the corporate and the household sectors. Setting-up the framework for the countries that were not much covered in former studies and that face the limited availability of data has been the main challenge of the thesis. The outcome can help to reveal possible risks to financial stability. The methods described in the thesis can be further developed and applied to the emerging markets that suffer from the similar data limitations. JEL Classification: E37, G21, G28 Keywords: banking, credit risk, default rate, macro stress testing, market risk
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