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Laboratory test of denitrification inhibition
Marková, Jana ; Pániková, Kristína (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on testing the influence of given parameters in order to maintain the required conditions of the denitrification inhibition test, developed at the Institute of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to optimize the parameters of the laboratory test, which with such defined parameters will be used to test the effects of pesticides on the denitrification process and will allow monitoring the fate of these substances during the denitrification process. The theoretical part of this work describes the basic information about the denitrification process and the factors that directly affect it. The practical part describes the three gradually performed laboratory tests using appropriate analytical methods. The measurement results are compiled into tabular and graphic form. Based on a critical evaluation of these outputs was created a test methodology with optimized parameters.
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Assessment of load of small watercourses sediments with phosphorus
Pavlíková, Marcela ; Maršálek,, Blahoslav (referee) ; Hlavčová,, Kamila (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The issue of phosphorus in sediments of small watercourses and phosphorus forms are often out of interest, unlike phosphorus and its forms in sediments of water reservoirs. The thesis is focused on the development and evaluation of methods for the determination of total phosphorus by modifying commonly used methods and evaluation of methods for the determination of selected forms of phosphorus in small watercourses sediments. Over 1,152 analyses of sediment samples collected in four seasons and four locations and in three paralell determinations were done. The total phosphorus in the sediments was assessed by four methods, further 7 other forms of phosphorus were evaluated by one to three methods, according to different forms of phosphorus. The data file was subjected to statistical analysis. The aim of statistical analysis was to evaluate phosphorus concentrations, depending on the used method. Additional aim of statistical analysis was to observe dependencies of phosphorus concentrations on metals and identify the impact of periods and locations on the concentration of phosphorus.
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Pollution of karst watercourses in Říčka river basin
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Tůma, RNDr Antonín (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the monitoring of pollution parameters in the Moravian Karst area, sampling and the analyses of samples once every 4 weeks. In total, 9 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Flow rate, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen and pH value were measured at each sampling point. Afterwards, content of suspended solids, CODcr, BOD5, ammonia (N-NH4), nitrites (N-NO2), nitrates (N-NO3), organic nitrogen (Norg) and total phosphorus (Ptot) were determined in the samples. At the end of the thesis, the obtained results were compared with each other and with the values stipulated by Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. The parameters were processed into tables that provide an overview of average, minimum, and maximum values on each of the sampling points. These tables indicate values that exceed the limits set by the legislation. Also, the change of parameters in time and along the river flow was evaluated from the measured values.
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Removal of phosphorus in denitrifying bioreactor
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Nitrogen and phosphorus are involved in many processes on the Planet Earth. Especially in agricultural areas water is contaminated by nutrients, which can cause the eutrophication of surface waters, and other problems. The solution could be use of denitrifying bioreactors, which are used for the reduction of high nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwaters. The subject of the thesis was the study of phosphorus removal in the denitrification bioreactor by steel turnings, which are constituent part of the organic load of the bioreactor. Steel turnings release Fe, which causes the precipitation and adsorption of P. Eight bioreactors were filled with poplar woodchips. To these columns just above the surface were added model water enriched with nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphate was added to 4 columns, where two of them were enhanced by the addition of steel turnings upstream of the wood medium. Sampling and the analyses of the samples were determined weekly, determination of the phosphorus, iron and other substances necessary for the detection of processes in the bioreactor was performed. The dependence of phosphorus removal on the bioreactor operating conditions was evaluated based on measured data, and the effect of iron on the biological denitrification process was also assessed. Steel turnings have been found to be effective in removing TP, but it is necessary to solve iron leaching in the future. The concentration of phosphorus was reduced up to 0 mg/l on the effluent from the denitrification bioreactors, efficiency of phosphorus removal reached 100 %. The presence of steel chips had no effect on denitrification speed. The denitrification process was also successful in the phosphorus removal columns. From the point of view of leaching of substances and iron, the removal of N and P seems to be preferable in dry period during stoppage with no water fillings. Shutdown of bioreactors with flooded filling caused high concentrations of leached iron up to 149 mg/l
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Effects of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant at Lopac Sinkhole Cave System
Ondruš, Martin ; Gruberová, Eva (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to assess the impact of water outflow from wastewater treatment plant on karst rivers. The study was done in the northern area of Moravský kras protected landscape, where the impact of WWTP Ostrov u Macochy on a cave system Lopačské propadání was studied. As a part of this study a half-year monitoring was carried out, which consisted of water sampling every two weeks. In total, 13 water samples were taken from 7 sampling points. Moreover, flow rate, temperature, conductivity, oxygen concentration and pH were measured at the sampling point. Afterwards, the content of undissolved solids, COD, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, NKi and total phosphorus were determined in the samples. The change of parameters in time on the sampling points and further along the flow of the river was evaluated from the measured values. The outflow values from waste water treatment plants were compared with the emission limits for surface waters and the values of river water parameters were compared with the environmental quality standards. It wasn’t proven that the outflow from the observed waste water treatment plant is negatively influencing the water stream. The most serious problems are: -The WWTP was designed for treatment of sewage from Ostrov u Macochy, which involved separate sanitary and storm sewers. After finishing the WWTP, a uniform sewer was built. -High concentration of total phosphorus on the outflow from WWTP. -Poor quality of Lopač brook water already before the outflow vent from WWTP.
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Phosphorus forms in river sediments
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Two main mechanism of immobilization of phosphorus in sediments are formation of insoluble phosphates of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, and sorption. Phosphorus can be also immobilized as organic phosphorus contained in the biomass. This thesis is focused on searching of relationships between total, organic and inorganic phosphorus and iron, calcium and organic matter content in fluvial sediments. Within the framework of this thesis, samples of sediments have been collected and analyzed. The measured values have been filled by the data measured at the Institute of Chemistry in the years 2011-2012. Total number of samples is 48. Data have been statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test at the = 0,05 and = 0,01 levels of significance. The relationships between total phosphorus and iron and organic matter have been proven. Also the relationship between organic phosphorus and organic matter content has been proven and surprisingly the correlation with iron, too. The inorganic phosphorus indicated significant relationship with iron, but no significant relationship with the calcium content. At last there has been proven the correlation between inorganic phosphorus and the organic matter content.
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Optimization of full-scale denitrifying bioreactor design
Novotná, Klára ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
By leaching from agricultural areas, high concentrations of nitrates enter rivers and groundwater. Denitrifying bioreactors are one of the possibilities to reduce pollution intake into water. The aim of this thesis is to optimize design of a full-scale denitrifying bioreactor in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part, the denitrification process and the technology of denitrifying bioreactors are characterized. Furthermore, existing methodological documents dealing with their design are presented and the influence of design parameters on the performance of the bioreactor is described. In the practical part of the thesis, a denitrifying bioreactor is designed near the village of Němčice in the South Moravian Region. For this purpose, based on the already existing methodology of Hrich et al. (2018), an optimized methodology for the design of denitrifying bioreactor parameters was developed using the knowledge from the theoretical part. For a target flow rate of 17.4 l.s-1, a bioreactor with a 1:1 aspect ratio, a trapezoidal cross-section in both directions and a 422 m3 woodchip volume was designed. The bioreactor occupies 0,05 % of the drained area.
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Assessment of Ochozsky Brook Status
Vaculíková, Klára ; Tůma, RNDr Antonín (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis deals with an evaluation of Ochozský stream in the village Březina in Moravian Karst. There was done a survey of a ground and the stream surroundings. There was also gained information from the Municipal office on technical adjustment of the stream, sewer network, waste water treatment plants and polluters of Ochozský stream. Two measurements of physicochemical parameters and sampling were carried out at six sampling points in autumn 2017 and in spring 2018. Flow rate was measured at three sampling points. Conductivity, pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, concentration of dissolved oxygen and saturation with oxygen were measured in situ. COD, BOD, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates and Kjeldahl nitrogen were determined in water samples in the laboratory. Organic nitrogen and total nitrogen were calculated. The results were evaluated with a respect of Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. There was also provided a hydromorphology assessment of Ochozský stream using methodology Stream Visual Assessment. A land use of the offshore stream strip was mapped.
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Use of nanofiber filter for air filtration
Straka, Petr ; Hlaváč,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kabrhel,, Michal (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The doctoral thesis „Using of nanofiber filter for air filtration“ is focused on application of nanofiber filter for air filtration under demanding conditions of water supply facilities. The main aim of the filter application is to decrease the secondary contamination of the indoor environment of the water accumulation tanks. The nanofiber filters are distinguished by high filtration efficiency of pollutants, dust particles and organic impurities. The contaminants don´t have to be unhealthy but they can be used for spore and microorganisms delivery to the system. They are served frequently as a reproduction substrate of microorganisms. All these factors negatively affect the water quality. The research includes formation of suitable testing methodology, pilot unit construction and operation, short-term testing and evaluation of nanofiber filters and commonly used filters and long term testing and verification of nanofiber filter attributes and quality. Furthermore the filter´s characteristics and filtration efficiency for characteristic pollutants were evaluated. Short-term and long-term experimental testing proved suitability of nanofiber filters use in water supply facilities. Interception of reported pollution indicators was reported on similar or higher level for application of nanofiber filter than for application of commonly used filter. Measured values of higher pressure difference of nanofiber filter were indicated as still adequate for use in water supply facilities. No operation difficulties, failures neither filter´s damage were reported during testing of nanofiber filters.
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Nitrate removal from agricultural runoff
Schrimpelová, Kateřina ; Šálek,, JAN (referee) ; Drtil,, Miloslav (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
The increasing concentration of nitrates in surface water and groundwater is becoming a global problem. The dissertation thesis is focused on the denitrifying bioreactors with organic fill material designed for the reduction of nitrate input from agricultural areas in the Czech Republic. A set of laboratory experiments was performed – static leaching tests and column tests, including chemical analyses of outflow water and ecotoxicological bioassays. Seven materials common in the Czech Republic, various process parameters, types and lengths of bioreactor shutdown in dry periods and the use of outflow water for irrigation were tested. The thesis deals with both denitrification efficiency and ways of reducing negative effects. An evaluation of the overall effect bioreactors is included along with a prediction regarding leaching over the following years.
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