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Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Šmídová, Radka ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. I dedicated the theoretical part not only to prenatal and perinatal obesity risk factors, but also to diagnosis, management, health complications and prevention. In the practical part, I described the outcomes of the questionnaire survey dedicated to the mothers of children aged 1-7 years. The aim of this thesis was to find out the occurrence of selected risk factors for childhood obesity. I found out that in my study group, there were some risk factors represented in relatively small quantity (for example smoking during pregnancy, smoking during breastfeeding, gestational diabetes mellitus). Other risk factors, such as mother's or father's obesity were frequent. Some risk factors for childhood obesity are obvious, while others have not yet been proved to be directly related to obesity. However, we can certainly suggest, that the healthy parents' weight, alcohol and nicotine abstinence and exclusive breastfeeding at least until the end of fourth month of life are the factors beneficial not only for the health of the child. Key words: childhood obesity; diet during pregnancy; nutritional programming; obesity prevention; obesity risk factors
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The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
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The Importance of Nutrition, The Quality and Effective Doses of Food Suplements EPA/DHA
Krčmářová, Miluše ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
The fats should be understood as a necessary part of a diet and their income should be assessed from the energetic point of view, as well as fats to other nutrients ratio and the kind of fatty acids contained. After a period of total refusal of fats consumption as the cause of obesity and civilization disease occurences, the opinion, that it's not good to remove them from the diet because has prevailed. The reason is there might arise a deficiency in unsaturated essential acids, which are necessary to secure many functionalities in the organism. Among the interest became the polyunsaturated fatty acids with their low presence in the central european diet. This is related to the topic of dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids, which is the main topic of this thesis. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to sum up the importance of food supplemens with omega-3 fatty acids usage, to compare quality of the most common products and to bring information about their effective recommended doses. The main focus has been finding reasons why clients of a chosen pharmacy are looking for these products, whether there is a dirtect connection between their health difficulties a their selection of concrete product and what influences their choice. Further, the level of their knowledge about the quality of...
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The influence of salt on health and salt consumption in the Czech Republic
Malinová, Pavlína ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
The salt intake in the Czech Republic is almost three times higher than the daily recommended amount. The excessive consumption of salt has impacts on health and wellbeing in many ways. It causes or affects the course of several illnesses, including arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, asthma bronchiale, kidney diseases, gastric cancer, obesity or oedema. The theoretical part of this dissertation describes the mechanisms by which the salt acts on the body and the relationships between the diseases listed above and the salt intake. The aim of this paper is to explore the eating habits around salt intake amongst the healthcare professionals. Furthermore, it investigates the understanding and interest in this matter amongst this group of people. Anonymised questionnaires were the chosen research method for this paper. The questionnaire, comprising of 17 questions, was sent to 12 different instituts and clinics at a hospital in Prague. In total, 174 healthcare professionals took part in this research. The results showed that the participants took interest in ingredients and nutritional value of their food, however, only a minority paid attention to the salt content. One of the most consumed types of food with a high content of salt are: white cheese, blue cheese, salami and smoked meats. Though savoury...
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Non-specialists' awareness of alternative nutritional movements and their risks
Šafářová, Jana ; Chrpová, Diana (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
Nowadays alternative nutritional directions with all their forms are quite widespread. For many people, vegetarianism is not only skipping meat consumption, but also lifestyle. However, deliberate omission of certain types of food carries the risk of a deficit of some important substances. The aim of this thesis was to map awareness of lay people about vegetarianism and veganism. Find out if respondents know what excludes vegan diets, how they differ from vegetarianism and what the risks are. The theoretical part deals with vegetarianism and its division. The thesis focuses mostly on veganism. The theoretical part also contains principles of properly composed vegan diet according to the Czech vegan society. It also contains a description of substances which may be defficient in the vegetarian and vegan diet. It shows the functions of these substances in the body, in what foods they are found and how their deficiency manifests. The practical part was carried out by the quantitative method of the questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of the lay population most frequently at the age of 20- 29 years. A total of 146 respondents completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires showed that 88% of respondents were able to correctly describe what excludes vegan diet. This...
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Salt content in food and its intake in the Czech Republic
Olišarová, Anna ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the salt content in food and its intake in the Czech Republic. The consumption of salt in the Czech Republic allows up to three times the recommended amount of salt per a day. The companies such as the WHO, EU, EFSA, WASH, SPV and others have been trying to reduce it for a long time. The food reformulation is providing to be the most effective tool for reducing salt consumption. The theoretical part describes salt legislation, the effect of sodium chloride on the human body. It shows what happens when there is lack or excess of sodium in the body. Furthermore, the possible risks of excessive salt consumption are described. There is explained the use of salt in the food industry and the food technology. Food commodities that are important sources of salt, such as bread and pastries, meat products and some types of cheese, are described. The reformulation of food and the efforts of food producers to reduce salt in their products are also presented. The recommended amount of salt and the current production and consumption of salt are also presented. The aim of the practical part is to find out what is the awareness of population of the Czech Republic about the amount of salt in food, their own salt consumption, knowledge of the recommended amount of salt per day and...
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Alternative eating habbits and their perception by people aged 18-27
Kordíková, Ivana ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Name: Kordíková Ivana Supervisor: PhDr. Tamara Starnovská Opponent: Mgr. Ing. Diana Chrpová, Ph.D. Title of bachelor thesis: Alternative eating habbits and thein perception by people agend 18-27 Abstract The bachelor thesis is focused on alternative diets and their perception among young people aged between 18-27. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical part and a practical part. In the beginning of the theoretical part, it presents basic components of nutrition that rational diet should contain, and each component is described individually. The Main section of the theoretical part consists of setting the definition of alternative ways of eating habits and each alternative eating habit is briefly described. In addition to the general information, it also lists their positive or negative health aspects. The practical part was prepared using an anonymous survey. The respondents were questioned not only about their knowledge and experience with alternative diets but also about their relationship with nutrition. The obtained data is graphically presented by pie chart followed by subsequent commentary. The aim of the work was to focus on the benefits and health risks of alternative eating habits, additionally to investigate whether young people are interested in alternative eating habits, how they...
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Alternative nutritional guidelines and their risks
Ciprová, Markéta ; Vysoká, Lenka (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Basis: This bachelor's thesis explores the alternative diet known as raw veganism. Information has been drawn from 23 literary and 27 internet sources. Considering the contemporaneity of the subject, many of these sources are of foreign origin. The theme was selected based on a long-term interest and self-study of the positive and negative effects of radical diets. Aims: Based on information gained from bibliographical sources, the aims of this bachelor's thesis were set as follows. The first goal was to uncover the most frequent reasons why people choose such a radical lifestyle, and by means of literary research to assess potential health risks. A preliminary hypothesis stated that the most frequent arguments would be health-related. A secondary goal was the comparison of raw veganism to orthorexia, which can be described as a pathological obsession with healthy food. The output and resulting arguments of the thesis are intended to aid colleagues in medicine. Methodology: Required data was gathered by means of an electronic survey. The questionnaire, consisting of 20 required and one optional question, was made available only to a specific sample of people who had in the past followed or were still following a partial or complete raw vegan diet, and were at least 18 years of age. The...
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The influence of the family social and financial background on the origin of children's obesity
Vokurková, Zuzana ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
: Obesity is a very serious health and social-economic worldwide problem today. Childhood obesity means a higher risk of obesity and other associated health problems in later adulthood. As some research shows, every fourth child in the Czech Republic is overweight and every seventh child is obese. The cause of obesity is not only poor eating habits and lack of physical activity, but also genetic, psychological and socio-economic factors. For this reason, prevention itself is an important and only successful step. The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to find the connection between the socio - financial background of the family and the childhood obesity. Find out if the level of education and the level of family income affect childhood obesity. The work also focuses on mapping the eating habits of obese children in connection with social and financial backgrounds. The materials for the theoretical part of the thesis were obtained from professional literature, medical journals, articles and internet sources WHO, SZÚ, ÚZIS. Child obesity and socio-economic influences have been defined in this section. The research part of the work was carried out in the form of a quantitative questionnaire survey, which was anonymous and entirely voluntary. The questionnaire was submitted and approved by the...
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