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Discourses of Birth Management in Czech web articles
Tichá, Kristýna ; Kabele, Jiří (advisor) ; Hájek, Martin (referee)
I focus on the nature of the discourses of the birth themselves and on the form of their controversies, which are tied to their confrontations in Czech web articles. I examine the discourses and their strife in the articles of active participants of the dispute and on the most popular website in the articles dedicated to (future) parents. The discourse of the actively medically controlled delivery, perceives a birth as an inscrutable risky phenomenon which is medically necessary to keep always in a hospital with a staffing and material background to deal with possible complications. This discourse criticizes the births that are led outside hospitals. The discourse of the natural birth sees a birth as a natural part of life, during which usually no complications occur, if there is present a trained expert, who does not interfere in the natural process of labor, except any required medical reasons. A natural birth can be taken place in home. The reader are warned by this discourse on the improper routine care in Czech hospitals, which is inconsistent with the needs of the mother and the child, and on complications of a birth caused by the active medical leading of labor. The articles on the popular website are mainly influenced by the discourse of the actively medically controlled birth. These...
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The Experience of Gender Stereotypes at Technical Universities - Case of Selected Faculties of Czech Technical University in Prague
Truong, Phuong Thi ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Cidlinská, Kateřina (referee)
This thesis deals with gender stereotypes occurring at technical universities. These are the fields of study that are traditionally associated with men. Female students in technical fields form a minority of these schools and may encounter during their studies prejudiced behaviour of male students and teachers because of their gender. It is surveyed by qualitative methods which specific gender-stereotyped patterns occur on the faculties of Czech Technical University which was chosen as the representative technical university. Furthermore, this thesis deals with attitude of female students to these stereotypes and majority male group in these fields. It was found that although male students and teachers treat girls mostly helpful and positive, stereotypical opinions about women as less technically capable still persist. Some students or teachers show prejudice in their behaviour. Female students do not consider these prejudices as a problem. During studies, they met with prejudicial behaviour, but do not consider it as a barrier that could not be overcome. Often these young women are those who are more compatible with young men, they respect that men dominate in technical field and they act accordingly. This thesis describes in detail the students' experiences with gender stereotypes at technical...
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Reasons of Showing Respect to Seniors: Respect to Heroes or Compassion with the Weak ones?
Terchová, Petra ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Čepelák, Václav (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of old age and respect towards seniors, which gone through significant change during history and that is the reason why the status of seniors in society has decreased and youth gained prominence. The main goal of this thesis based on qualitative research is to find out the ways of showing respect to seniors and from which reasons it is so, while the accent is kept on perception of respect by four age generations. Observations and interviews revealed a discovery of typology of seniors and non-seniors, two forms of respect and four reasons of showing respect. The two main reasons of showing respect are perception of seniors as the weak ones or as heroes. The thesis develops forms and reasons of respect and thereby serves an insight into relationships and attitudes of young generations towards seniors. It revealed there are differences in ways of showing respect among generations. It should also give us pause to thought over sometimes big gap between these two worlds - youth and old age.
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Culture of Fear: Discourse Analysis of Šluknovsko Media Event
Tremčinský, Martin ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Kotlík, Pavel (referee)
This paper deals with the discourse analysis of media case Šluknovsko, which erupted in 2011. It focuses on the construction of the risk arising from Šluknovsko crisis, relying mainly on Beck's theory of risk society. Paper through the analysis of newspaper articles from the autumn of 2011 shows how base on a local crisis based national and global risk associated with ethnic minorities are constructed. At the same time paper shows how the media construction of risk is connected with a process called glocalization, in which are locally limited and specific incidents correlated with transnational processes, in order to create global risks. Furthermore, this paper identifies actors, based on local narratives that are constructed in the case, which are, according to media, responsible for dealing with a crisis and the resulting risks. In conclusion, the author considers the potential impacts that such a risk discourse can have on government policy.
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Same event, different representations: How do biases differ in mass media and participants descriptions?
Pešková, Tereza ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Mitrenga, David (referee)
Same event, different representations: How do biases differ in mass media and participants descriptions? Abstract The main theme of this thesis is the representation of events by two different perspectives - the media's representation on the one hand and narration of participants on the other. Both of these methods of capturing events stands for an effort to interpret actuality, which attributes importance to it. While in the case of media the important factors are especially those as regulatory requirements, news values or the image of the audience, at the individual level are mainly applied different strategies of self-presentation. Since everyone in the interpretation of reality is affected by their personality or behavior, there are many different images that depict everyday reality which we accept. It is therefore important to be aware of how these representations are created. The goal of the research itself was to explore both of these sources and describe how they differ from one another in case of a representation of the same event (namely Prague Pride Parade 2014). The intention was to find out how the two types of descriptions differ and how are affected. The findings presents on what both types of description have focused, what were the main topics presented and the context in which the event was...
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Immersion in video games: a relationship between player and avatar
Hejret, Vojtěch ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Buchtík, Martin (referee)
This thesis is exploring a new approach to the little known and conceptually diversified subject of immersion in video games. Immersion is defined here as a complex approach to a state induced by a long term exposure of the player to a video game. In the beginning we explore different approaches to the study of video games and presenting our own basic typology of games. In the next part we present different understandings of the concept of immersion. Empirical part of this thesis explores different elements influencing the level of immersion. On the background of this concept we are also trying to suggest possible forms of player- avatar relationship. The main suggested elements influencing the immersion and creation of player-avatar relationship are game genre specifics, user strategies/motivations towards gaming, in-game story, avatar creation, quality of gameplay and audio-visual quality.
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Personal space and social interaction in public transport: the case of intercity bus traveling
Lexová, Aneta ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Matoušek, Petr (referee)
Bachelor thesis is devoted to the public transport as a space where everyday social interactions take place. This issue is watched on a specific case of intercity bus. The social interaction of bus passengers is seen as dramaturgical proceeding of actors in specific social surroundings. The aim of this work is to describe social interactions and definition of personal space in the intercity bus. The work is theoretically based on the works of Erving Goffman. Findings in the empirical part of the work are based on the qualitative research data. The data were collected using the participant observation method on the passengers of specific intercity bus. The main conclusions of the paper include that interactions in the intercity bus only take place in the exceptional cases or when boarding the bus and only in the form of complimentary question on the vacancy. People, even in such a cramped space which is given by the seating configuration, try to define their personal space. They mostly use their body (they sit on the seat closer to the corridor in the middle of the bus) or items like clothes and luggage which they put on the seat next to them. The work also describes reactions of passengers on the insufficient interaction space. Most people responded with civil inattention accompanied by some involvement....
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"Becoming a Facebook User": the mystery of (not) leaving
Dlouhá, Marie ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Balon, Jan (referee)
Recently, facebook has become an important communication and intercation medium and social phenomenon. It attracts attention thanks to its broad audience, and it raises questions of safety and privacy, "addiction", identity and self-presentation. The study Becoming a Facebook User (the title is inspired by Howard Becker's article) is focused primarily on the question of (not) leaving - by using qualitative methods that explore "addiction" to facebook. Using methods of ethnographic interviews and interactionist analysis based on Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, broadened by the theory of Joshua Meyrowitz, this work shows that to be a facebook user is not a state but a career. An analysis of the individual stages of usership demonstrates the main reason for "addiction" - the "middle region" - i.e. the places where various audiences meet and there are many options for interacting with a large number of people from diverse environments. This text shows that "middle region" provides some advantages as long as there is effective management of the interactional regions that should prevent overloading, i.e. confusion. The management of regions and the study thereof in terms of a career means investment by a user in time and effort, which together with the advantages that such a management "middle...
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