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Vowel groups in contemporary Spanish
Kameníková, Karla ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Rubešová, Štěpánka (referee)
The bachelor thesis Vowel groups in contemporary Spanish is focused on the pronunciation of diphthongs and hiatuses by Czech speakers of Spanish. The aim of the thesis is to find out, how the vowel groups are pronounced by Czech speakers of Spanish and how the level of the language is reflected on the pronunciation. It consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the first part, the author of the text describes theoretically the vowel system of Czech and Spanish language, including the vowel groups, where she mentions diphthongs, hiatuses and triphthongs, focusing mainly on the first two mentioned phenomena. She also presents the changes that can occur in pronunciation and, last but not least, she characterizes evolution of both systems. The second part is practically oriented, and it is based on the analysis of audio recordings where it is compared the extent to which Czech students of Spanish have approached the pronunciation of native speakers and what factors influence their progress. Key words: Spanish, phonetics, language acquisition, hiatus, diphthong, syneresis, synalepha
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On some uses of the infinitive in Spanish
Poláčková, Simona ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Smažíková, Adéla (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the role of the infinitive in the condensation of the second message in Spanish and a comparison of the use of the same type of condensation in Czech. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part defines the basic functions of the infinitive in both languages, then the system of condensation by means of semi- predicative clauses in Spanish and by means of semi-sentential structures in Czech is described. In the practical part of the thesis, an analysis of the condensation phenomenon is carried out using the InterCorp v13 corpus as a source of Spanish original and Czech translated texts. Starting from the Spanish original, the translation of condensation structures with infinitive and subordinate clause subject as alternatives after selected verb groups of speaking, fear and pleading is investigated. The final section summarizes the results of the analysis and the confirmation or refutation of the theses based on the theoretical background. Key words: infinitive, corpus analysis, condensation structures, subordinate clauses
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Pretérito perfecto compuesto and Its Czech Equivalents
Mikešová, Dagmar ; Smažíková, Adéla (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(in English): This thesis deals with the verb tense pretérito perfecto compuesto. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The first part deals initially with the general tense system in Spanish. Then, it proceeds from the introduction of the past tenses to a more detailed description of the pretérito perfecto compuesto, which is the core of our research. In its context, we consider the opposition to the tense pretérito indefinido, focusing primarily on its functions, and then briefly compare the Spanish verb tense system with the Czech. In the second part, we discuss the corpus analysis carried out on the InterCorp and CORPES XXI corpora. We investigate the frequency of usage of the tenses pretérito perfecto compuesto and pretérito indefinido with various temporal adverbs and conclude that, in most cases, they are used according to our hypotheses. In the next part of the analysis, we give examples of the Czech counterparts of the tense pretérito perfecto compuesto and find that there is no uniform suitable translation solution. Finally, we use examples to illustrate the different functions of the given tense.
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Mirativity in Spanish (with Reference to Czech)
Kverková, Venuše ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Smažíková, Adéla (referee)
in English Mirativity in Spanish (with Reference to Czech) This diploma thesis deals with mirativity in Spanish and Czech. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the category of mirativity and analyze its lexical, morphological and syntactic means of expression. In the first part, we use secondary literature to define key concepts such as mirativity, evidentiality and modality and we compare their similarities and differences. In addition, we discuss whether mirativity constitutes an independent language category, and we present various perspectives from other authors. In the second part, we analyze Spanish and Czech lexical, morphological and syntactic mirative feaures and we briefly mention suprasegmental and extralinguistic elements of mirativity. For these purposes, we use language corpora (InterCorp, CORPES XXI, syn2020 and Araneum Bohemicum Maximum) and literature related to the topic. We also take into consideration the broad context. The outcome of this work is a complex typology of mirative features in Spanish and Czech. Keywords: mirativity, mirative, evidential, Spanish, Czech
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The Expression of Warning, Threat and Menace in Spanish and Czech
Demartini, Matyáš ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Smažíková, Adéla (referee)
This paper presents a linguistic analysis of the expression of warning, threat and menace in Spanish and Czech. The thesis examines the communicative strate- gies employed by speakers to influence the behaviour of addressees and highlights the differences between the literal meaning of words and their intended impact. The theoretical framework of the paper is based on the concept of speech acts and their influence on addressees. The analysis employs a corpus-based ap- proach to examine the linguistic expressions of warning, threat and menace in Spanish and compares them with Czech counterparts. This methodology allows the theoretical concepts to be tested by examining the actual use of (literary) language. Although both languages have a wide range of systemic possibilities of expression, the thesis identifies subtle differences in the way these functions are linguistically realised. This illustrates that the pragmatic meaning of an utterance is not constrained by specific linguistic forms and depends largely on the overall context. Keywords: warning, threat, menace, speech acts, pragmatics, Spanish, Czech
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Expressing iteration in contemporary Spanish
Hašková, Alena ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Rubešová, Štěpánka (referee)
The aim of this paper is to introduce means of expressing iteration in contemporary Spanish and the ways of translation into Czech. The theoretical part defines the basic terms, presents the issue of category of aspect in Spanish and in Czech. It also presents the division of this category in these languages, as well as according to semantic meanings and formal means. Special attention is paid to the terms of iteration and reiteration and their ways of expression, namely suffixes re-, sub-, and sobre-; verbal periphrases volver a + infinitive, venir + gerund and tener + participle; and lexical-syntactic means de nuevo, por segunda vez and otra vez. The practical part contains three case studies, divided according to the mentioned formal means of expression. For the analyses are used two corpus - Araneum and InterCorp. The Araneum corpus serves to verify the general frequency of the phenomena in Spanish and to assess whether there is a binding effect for the given means. Corpus InterCorp is used to compile a typology of Czech equivalents.
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Clause negation in Spanish and in Catalan
Kolář, Luboš ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Rubešová, Štěpánka (referee)
(in English) The topic of this thesis is the clause negation in Spanish and in Catalan. Our aim is to compare the functioning of this phenomenon in both systems. To this end, we have used the negational typology of the Discourse Functional Grammar at the theoretical level, and then, at the practical level, linguistic corpora, in particular InterCorp, Araneum Hispanicum Maius and Corpes XXI. The analyses showed differences in the functioning of clause negation, especially from a morphosyntactic point of view. Functional differences were also revealed. The analyses also showed a diaphasic variation in Catalan in terms of the formal means of expressing clause negation. Key words: negation, Spanish, Catalan, corpus, syntax
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Analysis of the Josephson junction phase dynamics with machine learning techniques
Jurčík, Róbert ; Žonda, Martin (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
In this master's thesis, we provide a brief introduction to Josephson junctions and machine learning algorithms. We analyze the phase dynamics of Josephson junctions, notable for their significant second harmonic in the current-phase relationship. Initially, we generate data by simulating stochastic dynamics. We then investigate two aspects: determining occupation probabilities from the distribution function and detecting and categorizing anomalies (phase jumps) in a velocity spectrum. We determine that the random forest algorithm is the most effective model for calculating occupation probabilities from distribution functions. Anomaly detection is achieved without the need for machine learning, thanks to effective preprocessing of the velocity evolution. We then analyze two characteristics of detected anomalies: the number of maxima which they cross and the initial and final positions of the particle with respect to two minima in a potential. For determining each characteristic, we employ supervised learning, requiring only one hidden layer with 32 neurons. 1 April 27, 2024 1 Introduction 2
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Causativity in Contemporary Portuguese
Laufková, Petra ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Svobodová, Iva (referee) ; Svobodová, Petra (referee)
Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Ústav románských studií Románské jazyky Abstrakt disertační práce Mgr. et Mgr. Petra Laufková KAUZATIVITA V SOUČASNÉ PORTUGALŠTINĚ Causativity in Contemporary Portuguese Vedoucí práce: prof. PhDr. Petr Čermák, PhD. 2023 Abstract Causation is one of the basic aspects of the way we conceive coherence in the world we live in. Ways of expressing causativity in languages has therefore been at the center of scientific attention for many years. Causative structures involve two events: a causing event expressing that an entity, the causer, acts on another entity, the causee, and causes its change or activity coded as a second event. On the one hand, our work is a structured compilation of theories and data provided by other scientists, bringing to light different causative mechanisms, their formal description, data related to their distribution and mainly their semantic explanation, based on cognitive linguistics. On the other hand, we carry out research to support theoretical assertions with quantified data and find new results. Contemporary Portuguese has a wide range of morphological, lexical and syntactic causative tools. This thesis describes all of them. Nevertheless, we are mainly interested in what distinguishes Portuguese from other languages we know: the fact that...
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Welding problems of the „press chamber“ component
Čermák, Petr ; Dohnal, Ivo (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
Petr Čermák: Welding problems of the "press chamber" component The goal of this work is to produce the "press chamber" component of a food industry machine and selection of a suitable arc welding method, a base and a filler material. Practical part of this work includes technological design of a weldment production process considering all the know-how concerning welding technology, heating process of a stainless steel and a weld quality testing. Especial emphasis is put on analyzing of deformations and residual stresses during welding and taking countermeasures to reduce these undesired defects in the "press chamber" weldment made of high alloy austenitic steel. The final output is the "press chamber" component and a welding jig design reducing occurrence of the undesired deformations or residual stresses.
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