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Snowpack energy balance in forest environment: spatial and temporal variability of shortwave and longwave radiation
Hotový, Ondřej
Snowpack energy balance in forest environment: spatial and temporal variability of shortwave and longwave radiation Assessment of the role of forest on snowmelt processes and snowpack attributes contributes to the accuracy of spring floods forecasting. An importance of the coniferous forest consists in change of the snowpack energy balance. Forest reduces the total amount of solar radiation, however trees cause emitting of longwave radiation, both factors are fundamentally reflected in time of snowmelt in forest environment. Master thesis focuses on temporal and spatial variability of shortwave and longwave radiation depending on the structures of vegetation cover. Individual site types were defined as an open area, a forest affected by the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and a healthy coniferous forest, based on the hemispheric images of vegetation and its Leaf Area Index (LAI). Moreover, repeated manual measurements of the snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) were done in plots during winter period 2016/2017 in the Ptačí Brook catchment in the Šumava Mountains, and an analysis of shortwave and longwave radiation data the radiometers in plots was performed. Radiation fluxes in different plots were described in daily and seasonal scale, including the calculation of total heat from shortwave and...
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Preparation of phenyl derived benzothiazoles as potential ABAD modulators
Chřibek, Matěj ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Student: Matěj Chřibek Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Preparation of phenyl derived benzothiazoles as potential ABAD mo- dulators Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Characteristic symptoms are memory loss, change of behaviour and personality. The pathological hallmarks of AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated τ protein. Currently there is no causal treatment, because the aetiology stays unexplained, despite of intensive research. Nowadays, the hypothesis assumes that soluble form of amyloid-β (Aβ) is asso- ciated with toxic effects inside the cells, among others in mitochondria. There are many intracellular proteins, which interact with Aβ, such as amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). Interaction Aβ-ABAD with consequent alteration of ABAD function has been shown to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, consequently leading to the cell death. Therefore, inhibition of Aβ-ABAD along with ABAD inhibition seems as a potential pharmacological target. 1 The aim of this thesis was to synthesize substituted benzothiazole ureas as...
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The evaluation of noise and its impact on attention
Doležalová, Pavlína ; Kaplan, Cyril (referee)
Attention is a complex ability that contributes significantly to the process of intentional learning. This rigorous thesis is an extension of the original diploma thesis, which at the theoretical level focused on the types and theories of attention related to the effective management of school demands. More specifically, it focused on the developmental period of older school age and adolescence, i.e. on secondary school pupils - this target group was kept in the rigorous work as well. The diploma thesis analyzed the results of scientific studies that dealt with research into attention and its properties (such as stability, concentration or selectivity). The work was focused on examining whether a simple compensatory aid - here it is earplugs - can improve concentration and stability of attention during learning. She also briefly mentioned the physiological basis of the functioning of this cognitive process. The conclusion of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis mapped the current possibilities of attention diagnostics, especially in children and adolescents. Selected disorders of attention (e.g. ADD, ADHD), which (not only) are closely related to learning, were also mentioned in passing. The rigorous work complements the theoretical part with chapters on the topic of music and its effect on...
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Determination of the flowable liquid retention potential of silicates for polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol
Jandáčková, Adriana ; Vraníková, Barbora (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Pharmaceutical Technology Consultant: PharmDr. Barbora Vraníková, Ph.D. Student: Adriana Jandáčková Title of Thesis: Determination of the flowable liquid retention potential of silicates for polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol Liquisolid systems are modern dosage form used to increase the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The basic principle of liquisolid systems formulation lies in sorption of a drug in a liquid state onto a highly porous carrier which is subsequently coated with a material possessing a large surface area. This process leads to the forming of dry non- adhesive powder with properties suitable for further processing After oral administration, these systems allows elimination of dissolving as the drug is in already dissolved state. However, the ability of the powder to retain liquid while maintaining acceptable flow properties is limited. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the maximum amount of liquid (polyethylene glycol 400 and propylene glycol) that the powder (Veegum® HS, Veegum® F and Syloid® 244 FP) can absorb while maintaining suitable flow properties (flowable liquid retention potential). The value of flowable retention potential was established to 0.14 for Veegum® HS...
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HPMC-based liposomal mucoadhesive films with model peptide as target API
Belcáková, Hedviga ; Nobilis, Milan (advisor) ; Doležal, Pavel (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate: Hedviga Belcáková Supervisor: Prof. Milan Nobilis, CSc., Veronika Fidelj (Heidelberg University, Insitute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology) Diploma thesis title: HPMC-based liposomal mucoadhesive films with model peptide as target API This thesis describes the preformulation stage of mucoadhesive films intended for liposomal peptide delivery via buccal membrane. The evaluation consisted of thickness, maximum tensile strength, strain, moisture content, in vitro swelling and liposome integrity measurements. The chosen polymer (hypromellose, HPMC) was found to perform optimally in concentrations of 10 % with PEG 400 (5 %) acting as plasticizer and liposome concentration of 2 %. The developed preparation method showed good reproducibilty with room for improvement in the homogenization area. The choice of medium (H2O vs. PBS) showed strong influence on formulation's mechanical properties resulting in significant loss of elasticity and mucoadhesive strength. The addition of liposomes in the third stage had been carried out successfully with only occassional effect on their integrity after dissolution.
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Calcium phosphate bone cements: Synthesis, Characterization and drug release properties
Doubek, Jiří ; Paraskevopoulos, Georgios (advisor) ; Kováčik, Andrej (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Jiří Doubek Supervisor: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Calcium phosphate bone cements: Synthesis, characterization and drug release properties Non-healing bone traumas are currently a complication, which may disable a patient from active life for a long period. Due to the fact that bone mass consists mostly of hydroxyapatite, a derivative of calcium phosphate - calcium phosphate cement (CPC) - is studied as an injectable bone substitute. The cement's characteristics (low setting temperature, injectability, bioactivity, and resorbability) are very promising. Furthermore, the possibility to incorporate a drug in the formulation that would support the healing process opens a way for new therapeutic options. Firstly, the aim of this research was to synthesize a high-quality α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) and characterize its properties. Subsequently, the prepared α-TCP was used for the preparation of an injectable and washout resistant cement paste. Finally, the properties of developed pure or ibuprofen-loaded cement were examined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, compressive strength, scanning electron microscopy, and dissolution studies. The obtained data revealed that...
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Study of the effect of cholesterol concentration on monolayer models
Šrámová, Eliška ; Paraskevopoulos, Georgios (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Eliška Šrámová Supervisor: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph. D Consultant: Mgr. Anna Nováčková Title of Thesis: Study of the effect of cholesterol concentration on monolayer models Skin is composed of 3 major layers: hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis. The uppermost layer, which is called stratum corneum (SC), has a unique structure resembling a well-built wall. Corneocytes represent bricks and the lipid matrix works like a mortar. Ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol (Chol) are the main lipids creating the human SC matrix. In a healthy SC, the ratio of these lipids is equimolar. This ratio is crucial, not only to maintain the barrier function of the skin, but also for the organization of lipids in SC. Chol appears to be required for the correct lamellar organization, and the ordering of lipids inside of the lamellar formation (lateral organization) in SC. Abnormalities in the ratio of the lipids and depleted amount of Chol can lead to a disruption of the skin barrier function resulting in skin disease or multisystemic diseases (e.g. X-linked ichthyosis, Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome, and CHILD syndrome.) The present work deals with a Chol deficiency study on lipid organization on...
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Usury
Havelec, Tomáš ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The thesis will begin with usury as a historical phenomenon and briefly explains its historical genesis from the antiquity to a modern age. Then shortly deals with usury as an institute of the civil law, wherefrom continuously moves on to its core, which is usury in norms of criminal law. Thesis includes a chapter that focuses on procedure law norms, which are associated with usury. Next, the thesis describes usury in two foreign criminal codes - German and Slovak and compares it with the Czech one. Thesis does not forget on usury as a social pathological phenomenon. At the end, the thesis summarizes knowledge about usury and comments on the potential considerations de lege ferenda.
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Spacetimes with accelerating sources
Vrátný, Adam ; Podolský, Jiří (advisor)
The core of this thesis is the analysis of accelerating black hole solution with the NUT parameter, which was found by Chng, Mann and Stelea in 2006, and related spacetimes. The original work consists of three interconnected parts. In the first chapter we study the Taub-NUT solution, in particular the nature of its pathological axes, and we include a number of visualizations. In the second chapter we investigate the accelerating Taub-NUT solution, we present it in a new form, and we discuss its "deviation" from the Pleba'nski-Demia'nski class of solutions. To see the differences more clearly, in the final chapter we put also the Pleba'nski-Demia'nski metric into a completely new factorized form. The work is concluded by discussion of special subcases, from which it is clearly seen that the Pleba'nski-Demia'nski class does not contain the accelerating Taub-NUT solution.
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The possible solutions of juvenile criminal liability in the European context
Pošíková, Lenka ; Galovcová, Ingrid (referee)
The thesis thoroughly examines the issue of response to juvenile delinquency and potential solutions of their criminal liability in the European context. The thesis describes the historical development of approach to juvenile delinquency, as well as basic models of youth justice. The important part of the thesis focuses on comparative analyses of selected foreign legislation, namely the legal order of Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In depth are analyzed penalty systems of those countries and their mutual comparison. Further part is dedicated to evaluation of selected sanctions in terms of their effectiveness based on knowledge about recidivism of juvenile offenders. In relation to effectiveness of sanctions the thesis deals with question how to influence different types of juvenile offenders from the perspective of developmental criminology, especially chronic offenders. Author pays attention to the phenomenon of chronic juvenile offenders, formulates risk factors used to identify and predict the life-course delinquency. Following subpart discusses two of the most important factors influencing the committing of serious crimes by juveniles, e.g. delinquent peer groups and immigrant origin, which are relative neglected in the Czech professional literature. The importance of immigrant origin for a...
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