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Chemical modifications of hydrogels from natural polysaccharide
Poštulková, Hana ; Žídek, Jan (oponent) ; Vojtová, Lucy (vedoucí práce)
Chemical structure, use and chemical and physical properties of natural polysaccharide gum karaya (Sterculia urens) were summarized in theoretical part of this work. The general goal of the diploma work was modification of original insoluble gum karaya under alkali condition to prepare water soluble sample for further applications. Insolubility of gum karaya is caused by presence of acetyl groups and multivalent ions in the structure of polysaccharide. Optimized conditions for modification process were investigated. Sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide, 1 minute to 24 hours of treatment and 0.1 - 3% solution of original gum karaya were used for optimizing the modification process. Original (OGK) and modified (MGK) samples were studied by FTIR to investigate chemical composition. Modified samples A2, B1-7, C1-8 and E1-2 were considered as fully deacetylated because of absence of band at 1725 cm-1 which represents acetyl group. Absence of acetyl groups after modification was also proved by 13C CP MAS NMR. Amorphous character of original gum karaya was determined by XRD. TGA was used to evaluate amount of moisture and thermal stability of original and modified samples. Thermal stability of OGK was higher (280 °C) than of modified samples. Thermal stability of MGK was affected by reaction parameters. Thermal changes in polysaccharide chains were studied by DSC but any significant differences between OGK and MGK were not observed. Mineral composition of original and modified samples was investigated by ICP OES and presence of calcium, potassium and magnesium ions in OGK was confirmed. Molecular weight of modified samples was evaluated by GPC and was approximately 8 million g·mol-1. Rheological measurement for determination of linear viscoelastic region was determined. Effect of NaCl on viscosity of original gum karaya was performed. Viscosity of OGK decreased with higher amount of NaCl. Lower viscosity of OGK is connected with exchange of Ca2+ for Na+ ions and release of the physically bonded structure resulting in higher solubility of OGK in water.
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Study of the effect of biomolecules on the solubility of poorly soluble drugs
Kheirabadi, Fatemeh ; Holas, Ondřej (vedoucí práce) ; Vraníková, Barbora (oponent)
Univerzita Karlova, Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra farmaceutické technologie Školitel: Mgr: Ondřej Holas, Ph.D. Konzultant: prof. Anette Müllertz, Ph.D. Student: Mgr: Fatemeh Kheirabadi Název diplomové práce: Studium vlivu biomolekul na rozpustnost špatně rozpustná léčiva Tato práce se zabývá vlivem bílkovin na zdánlivou rozpustnost léčiv biorelevantních médiích. Výzkum byl proveden na vybraných sloučeninách s různými fyzikálně- chemickými vlastnostmi a vazbou na plazmatické bílkoviny. Konkrétně byly analyzovány tři různé sloučeniny: nilotinib, karvedilol a ritonavir z hlediska jejich zdánlivé rozpustnosti v přítomnosti třech různých bílkovin: hovězím sérovém albuminu, mucinu z dehydratovaného prasečího žaludečního mucinu typu II a odebraném vepřového střevním mukusu.. Jako analytická metoda byla vyvinuta a použita přesná vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie na reverzní fázi, která slouží ke stanovení koncentrace zdánlivé rozpustnosti zkoumaných sloučenin. Výsledky výzkumu rozpustnosti špatně rozpustných sloučenin v simulovaných tekutinách tlustého střeva jsou omezené. Navíc faktory, jako je vliv proteinů, zůstávají v biorelevantních médiích neprozkoumané, což by mohlo mít zásadní význam pro lepší pochopení rozpustnosti léčiv a vazby na proteiny v tlustém střevě. Výsledky studie...
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Chemical modifications of hydrogels from natural polysaccharide
Poštulková, Hana ; Žídek, Jan (oponent) ; Vojtová, Lucy (vedoucí práce)
Chemical structure, use and chemical and physical properties of natural polysaccharide gum karaya (Sterculia urens) were summarized in theoretical part of this work. The general goal of the diploma work was modification of original insoluble gum karaya under alkali condition to prepare water soluble sample for further applications. Insolubility of gum karaya is caused by presence of acetyl groups and multivalent ions in the structure of polysaccharide. Optimized conditions for modification process were investigated. Sodium, potassium or ammonium hydroxide, 1 minute to 24 hours of treatment and 0.1 - 3% solution of original gum karaya were used for optimizing the modification process. Original (OGK) and modified (MGK) samples were studied by FTIR to investigate chemical composition. Modified samples A2, B1-7, C1-8 and E1-2 were considered as fully deacetylated because of absence of band at 1725 cm-1 which represents acetyl group. Absence of acetyl groups after modification was also proved by 13C CP MAS NMR. Amorphous character of original gum karaya was determined by XRD. TGA was used to evaluate amount of moisture and thermal stability of original and modified samples. Thermal stability of OGK was higher (280 °C) than of modified samples. Thermal stability of MGK was affected by reaction parameters. Thermal changes in polysaccharide chains were studied by DSC but any significant differences between OGK and MGK were not observed. Mineral composition of original and modified samples was investigated by ICP OES and presence of calcium, potassium and magnesium ions in OGK was confirmed. Molecular weight of modified samples was evaluated by GPC and was approximately 8 million g·mol-1. Rheological measurement for determination of linear viscoelastic region was determined. Effect of NaCl on viscosity of original gum karaya was performed. Viscosity of OGK decreased with higher amount of NaCl. Lower viscosity of OGK is connected with exchange of Ca2+ for Na+ ions and release of the physically bonded structure resulting in higher solubility of OGK in water.
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