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Numerical Modelling of Grate Combustion
Juřena, Tomáš ; Klemeš,, Jiří (oponent) ; Žitný, Rudolf (oponent) ; Hájek, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The present work is focused on numerical modelling of grate combustion of solid fuels by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Since CFD results from simulations of grate combustion depend on the quality of input data including information on temperature, mass flux and chemical composition of flue gas leaving a fuel bed, the attention is turned to modelling of processes, that take place within the fuel bed on a grate. A great part of the work is devoted to development of a reliable numerical model of packed-bed combustion as it may help improve both results from simulations and knowledge of principles of solid fuel combustion in fixed or moving beds. A one-dimensional transient numerical model of combustion in an experimental reactor is developed and implemented into a computer program called GRATECAL 1.3 with a grapical user interface. A special emphasis is put on the conservativeness property of the model. Therefore, a method for control of mass and energy balance over the system is developed and applied to a series of case studies, which have revealed certain errors in definitions of mass source terms, so that data adopted from literature have been reconciled. The model is used for analysis of propagation of drying and char combustion reaction fronts in a bed of wheat straw particles. It is suggested to include modelling of particle internal porosity change in order to obtain correct reaction zone thickness, if porosity of the bed is allowed to change during combustion. The balance-based method is also used to analyse effects of convergence criteria on mass and energy imbalance of the modelled system. It is found that all the scaled residuals must drop to as low as $10^{-6}$ or lower in order to obtain sufficiently accurate results from in-bed simulations in terms of mass and energy conservation within the packed bed. The second part of the work is devoted to development of a library of user-defined functions for the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT for coupling the bed model with a freeboard model of a real combustion unit in order to specify the boundary conditions indirectly using results from in-bed simulations. The created interface is general enough to be used for a wide range of models of grate furnaces. The presented results contribute to better understanding of numerical modelling of grate combustion, especially in the setup of a numerical model and parameters of solver for the control of the convergence.
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Pokročilé výpočtové metody spalování tuhých paliv
Strouhal, Jiří ; Vondál, Jiří (oponent) ; Juřena, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Cílem této práce bylo vytvořit na základě dostupných teoretických poznatků model termické přeměny tuhého paliva. Toho je dosaženo za pomoci standartních nástrojů obsažených v softwaru ANSYS Fluent v kombinaci s uživatelsky definovanými funkcemi. V úvodu práce jsou nejprve stručně shrnuty základní přístupy k CFD modelování spalování tuhých paliv. Následuje sestavení matematického modelu a dílčích algoritmů výpočtu. Části modelu a model jako celek jsou otestovány na jednoduchých příkladech a následně na modelu experimentálního reaktoru pro analýzu spalování biomasy.
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Pokročilé výpočtové metody spalování tuhých paliv
Strouhal, Jiří ; Vondál, Jiří (oponent) ; Juřena, Tomáš (vedoucí práce)
Cílem této práce bylo vytvořit na základě dostupných teoretických poznatků model termické přeměny tuhého paliva. Toho je dosaženo za pomoci standartních nástrojů obsažených v softwaru ANSYS Fluent v kombinaci s uživatelsky definovanými funkcemi. V úvodu práce jsou nejprve stručně shrnuty základní přístupy k CFD modelování spalování tuhých paliv. Následuje sestavení matematického modelu a dílčích algoritmů výpočtu. Části modelu a model jako celek jsou otestovány na jednoduchých příkladech a následně na modelu experimentálního reaktoru pro analýzu spalování biomasy.
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Numerical Modelling of Grate Combustion
Juřena, Tomáš ; Klemeš,, Jiří (oponent) ; Žitný, Rudolf (oponent) ; Hájek, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The present work is focused on numerical modelling of grate combustion of solid fuels by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Since CFD results from simulations of grate combustion depend on the quality of input data including information on temperature, mass flux and chemical composition of flue gas leaving a fuel bed, the attention is turned to modelling of processes, that take place within the fuel bed on a grate. A great part of the work is devoted to development of a reliable numerical model of packed-bed combustion as it may help improve both results from simulations and knowledge of principles of solid fuel combustion in fixed or moving beds. A one-dimensional transient numerical model of combustion in an experimental reactor is developed and implemented into a computer program called GRATECAL 1.3 with a grapical user interface. A special emphasis is put on the conservativeness property of the model. Therefore, a method for control of mass and energy balance over the system is developed and applied to a series of case studies, which have revealed certain errors in definitions of mass source terms, so that data adopted from literature have been reconciled. The model is used for analysis of propagation of drying and char combustion reaction fronts in a bed of wheat straw particles. It is suggested to include modelling of particle internal porosity change in order to obtain correct reaction zone thickness, if porosity of the bed is allowed to change during combustion. The balance-based method is also used to analyse effects of convergence criteria on mass and energy imbalance of the modelled system. It is found that all the scaled residuals must drop to as low as $10^{-6}$ or lower in order to obtain sufficiently accurate results from in-bed simulations in terms of mass and energy conservation within the packed bed. The second part of the work is devoted to development of a library of user-defined functions for the commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT for coupling the bed model with a freeboard model of a real combustion unit in order to specify the boundary conditions indirectly using results from in-bed simulations. The created interface is general enough to be used for a wide range of models of grate furnaces. The presented results contribute to better understanding of numerical modelling of grate combustion, especially in the setup of a numerical model and parameters of solver for the control of the convergence.
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