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Charakteristika nových hybridů silážní kukuřice
Stejskalová, Šárka
This bachelor thesis focuses on the characteristics of early maturing corn silage hybrids from the VP AGRO company. The selected hybrids were compared according to the yields of the green matter (t/ha), dry matter (t/ha and %) and according to the price level of seeds (Kč/SU). The data were collected from field trial records that took place between 2011 and 2022. These field experiments took place in the Czech potatoe agricultural sector in the Vysočina region at the following stands: Bobrová, Častrov, Horní Krupá, Okrouhlička, Počátky, Pohled, Pozovice, Radostín, Stonařov and Věž. Twelve hybrids were selected for the purpose of the study. The hybrids were subsequently divided according to the year of registration in the Czech Republic, followed by their detailed description and analysis. Based on the collected data, the following results were found. The total yields of green matter for all hybrids showed very similar and high values (50 t/ha). On the contrary the results of dry matter yields differed for each hybrid (16–18 t/ha). Additionally, similar fluctuations of dry matter in percent (34–38 %) were found. This high level of percentages of dry matter was caused by climate, soil conditions and different properties of individual hybrid. Regarding the economic comparison, the rising trend of the price level was confirmed, as is the case in the entire national sector. Seed prices have been affected by climatic, socio, political, and economic changes. One of the reasons for the price increase proved to be bad weather conditions (drought) in France, the state where the selected hybrids are bred.
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Výskyt škodlivých činitelů v porostu kukuřice
Janíková, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the occurrence of key pests and diseases in breeding stands of maize in the Veselí nad Moravou locality in the Hodonín district. Observations were made possible on the lands of the VESELAN Agricultural Cooperative from the harvest of the previous crop to the harvest of the corn. Three plots were selected, a different variety was sown on each of the plots, they were the Pyroxenia, Centa and Cegrand varieties. Diseases and pests were found in the stands. Among the diseases, common smut of corn and maize leaf blight appeared on the plots, from pests european corn-borer, western corn rootworm, wireworms and to a small extent aphids. The harmfulness of pathogens was more severe than the harmfulness of pests.
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Transport and thermophysical data for thermic sanitation calculation of agricultural seeds
Vávra, Dan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Juřena, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on properties that are important for thermal sanitation. Commonly used seed treatment methods are summarized in the theoretical part. Furthermore, seeds‘ transport and thermo–physical properties are written out and described. To the present day, the properties of wheat seeds have been determined, while there are fewer publications for pea seeds. The available properties were determined by research for wheat and pea seeds. Furthermore, the experimental procedures for obtaining wheat properties were verified and then the procedures were applied to pea seeds. In the experiments, values were obtained for porosity, bulk density, true density, static angle of repose and specific heat capacity for certain humidity. The results are written out with total measurement uncertainties. The values of properties were discussed.
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Sledování změn kvalitativních znaků uskladněného osiva kukuřice
Opravil, Ondřej
Czech maize hybrids are grown by the company CEZEA Čejč. OSEVA Bzenec is an exclusive producer of Czech corn hybrids of the cultivation plant CEZEA Čejč.The Central Agricultural Inspection and Testing Institute (CAITI)checks this for quality. If the seed does not meet the standards, it is not recognized. To avoid all of the processes from the delivery up to dispash of the dressed seeds are supervised by a laboratory of Oseva.My disertation monitors qualites of the maize seed. This seed was harvested in 2008 and 2009. After several years since the harvest, should be this seed decrease your germination capacity and incrase sensitivity to early sowing. Farther I evulate diference in the germination capacity by the small and bigger kalibrs by the cool tests. The evaluace is for the store seed. I suppose, that bigger grain has more energy to the germination capacity and is resisted to the ageing.
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Tradiční a moderní způsoby přípravy osiva polních plodin
Necid, Václav
The bachelor thesis deals with the traditional and modern method of seed crop preparation. In the introduction of the thesis, the issue of seed production and its legal regulations is discussed, both at the level of the Czech Republic and in selected European countries. Agrotechnical differences are described in conventional and alternative seed production systems. Traditional and modern methods of seed treatment are described and their applicability and efficiency are evaluated on examples from agricultural practice. At the end of the thesis is described the research task. The aim of the research was to verify the effect of special treatment of seeds - plasma surface treatment and other seed treatments on germination and emergence of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). The work uses professional books and magazines and available internet resources. The experiment was realized in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at the Department of Crop Science, Plant Breeding and Plant Medicine, AF MENDELU. In the experiment, seeds of winter wheat (variety Julie) treated with various variants of treatment were used. The germination rate determination results showed that K2 (Vitavax 2000 and TERRA-SORB foliar) had the highest germination percentage (98.75%), while P2 (low-temperature plasma and Vitavax 2000 and TERRA-SORB foliar and BlackJak) had the lowest germination percentage (88.75 %). Low-temperature plasma (LTP) treatment of seeds has no effect on the elimination of pathogens compared to variants where Vitavax 2000 was used.
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Léčivé rostliny v historických zahradách
Prnková, Markéta
This thesis focuses on medicinal plants cultivated or imported, collected and used in Middle Ages. It examines the processing of those plants in history as well as in today s traditional medicine, phytotherapy, and in pharmacology. There is mentioned more than 20 historically most important botanical species in 12 families in the literary part of this thesis. With every species we learn about its area of origin, brief botanical description, collected parts of the plant, which part of the plant is used as a drug and what effects it has on human organism. The basic charts contain an overview of 379 taxons described in Middle Ages. The charts containing the seeds and seedlings are based on the range of goods of four important companies which offer these days the same range of medicinal plants that were available in Middle Ages. These charts contain 95 species of medicinal plants.
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Germination of long-term storaged seeds of selected grass and legumes
VONDRÁŠEK, Vít
Quality reproductive material is created in the fields but its subsequent quality and the general ability to germinate may be affected by many other factors. The fundamental and necessary capability of the seeds is their germinability. In my thesis I selected seeds approximately 6 - 8 years old of certain types of grass or clover plants (Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa - Zuzana, Medicago sativa - Pálava, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium hybridum - Oderský, Anthyllis vulneraria and Onobrychis viciifolia) and I monitored their germinability, its dynamics and capacity. Subsequently, I also used fresh seeds to compare the results and to demonstrate how seeds of different ages may differ. The experiment was performed under home conditions. All seeds to be germinated were placed on Petri dishes on which I maintained stable humidity. I monitored germinability of the seeds in previously set intervals after 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days. Originally, the plan was to measure germinability also after 21 days but the germinating material did not last that long and losses were detected as early as after 15 days. I saw big differences between the individual species. Some of them germinated very well and their dynamics was high (Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa - Zuzana, Medicago sativa - Pálava), while others did not germinate at all or very little (Onobrychis viciifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria). In some species I even observed differences in germination dynamics.
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Hodnocení strojů pro pásové zpracování půdy
HEŘMÁNEK, Aleš
The Bachelor thesis deals with strip tillage technology. It describes possibilities of its use and technological options, which are available at present. Furthermore, not only advatages of the strip tillage technology towards the environment and soil are described in this theses, but also certain limitations and pitfalls, which may appear while using such technology. The first part of the thesis is focused on history of soil proccessing starting with the very first agricultural tools. Use of the first mechanization operations with soil while using the first plows, are captured in this thesis, followed by a description and distribution of minimization technologies, including strip tillage technology. The information are complemented by a description of agriculture machinery. The practical part deals with metodology and results of measuring related to performance of a selected seeder, the Mzuri PRO-TIL 4T. One of the evaluating criteria was setting up the depth of soil processing, the number of lumps as well as the amount of plant remains in the particular strips of the area, the number of grown plants, placing seeds into the desired depth and efficiency of the specific set. The thesis is complemented by specifications of the agriculture company HZT Technik-servis, a.s., as well as by a simple analysis of investment and operating costs.
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Influence of cultivar and hot water treatment on development of choosen pathogens of onion
Skoumalová, Tereza ; Koudela, Martin (advisor) ; Čeněk, Čeněk (referee)
The target of the work was verificated the varietal differences in varietal resistance onion Allium cepa L. to pathogens onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and pathogens mildew onion Peronospora destructor and verificated the effect of the seed treatment with hot water to reduce choosen pathogens of onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
Seed were sown to bowls with sand and destilled water. Bowls were place in growth chambers. For experiments with varietal resistance were used cultivar onion: Alice, Amfora F1, Avalon, Bolero F1, Grenada, Karmen, Tosca, Triumf F1 and Všetana. For experiments with hot watre treatment were used cultivar onion: Alice, Amfora F1, Unico F1 and Tandem. Growth chambre had ideal climate by method firm Moravoseed s. r. o. and seed germination was evaluented by method ISTA International Seed Testing Association. Experiments were evalueter by modified method by Pawelec et al. (2006).
The results demonstrated the exists between coultivar differences the resistence onion to selected pathogens. The most resistence cultivar onion were Bolero F1, Karmen, Všetana and Triumf F1 againts the pathogens onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and cultivar onion Alice, Avalon, Bolero F1 and Tosca againts the pathogens mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
The result demonstrated the effect of seed treatment with hot water to select pathogens hadn´t signification efect. Hot water treatment about 50 °C for 20 minuts for seeds onion can´t reduce infect onion neck rot Botrytis aclada and infect mildew onion Peronospora destructor.
For cultivar onion Amfora F1 was observed treatment effect, but results were inconclusive.
Growing varieties with better resistence to the phytopathogenic fungy, could be after verifying higher resistence in multi-experiment, important preventive tool for regulating presence of such diseases when growing onions.
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