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Use of microbial community structure as a marker of conditions in underground biotops
Burkartová, Kateřina ; Falteisek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Drahota, Petr (referee)
The amount of data obtained by barcoding of prokaryotic 16S rDNA from natural habitats is increasing exponentially. Thus, methods enabling us to extract useful information from these data are of increasing importance. In this thesis microbial communities from water, sludge and drilling dust were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing in three geologically well described sedimentary aquifers in Bohemian Massif. The main goal of this research was to establish how different analytical approaches can be useful in interpretation of groundwater biogeochemical processes. Three approaches were used: First, taxonomy and metabolic traits of the most abundant microorganisms were assessed. Second, ordination methods showing metabolic and taxonomic variability between communities were used. Last the analysis of phylogenetic dissimilarity using UniFrac metrics was performed. When analyzing individual localities separately, the shift in microbial community composition corresponds with the change of environmental conditions. The unconstrained ordination method based on the variability in metabolic traits indicated, that sludge samples are more informative than water samples when asking which electron donor is used in microbial communities. On the other hand, unconstrained ordination methods were useless when the...
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Historical record of the fairyshrimp Branchinecta gaini in the James Ross archipelago, and its phylogeography
Pokorný, Matěj ; Sacherová, Veronika (advisor) ; Janko, Karel (referee)
The Fairy shrimp Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910 is the largest freshwater invertebrate in Antarctica and the top-level consumer of local freshwater food webs. Ecological demands of B. gaini that are accompanied by 'ruderal' life strategy together with its spatial distribution that exceeds to Patagonia indicate that it had survived last glacial period in South America and expanded to Antarctica shortly after this epoch endeed. On James Ross Island that is the most extreme environment where B. gaini occurs today was this fairy shrimp considered extinct until year 2008. Its disappearance was based on paleolimnological analysis of several lake sediment cores according to which it inhabited this island between years 4200 to approximately 1500 before present when it died out because of changes in lake catchments caused by harsh neoglacial conditions. Paleolimnological analysis of Monolith Lake presented in this study has shown that this assumption was wrong and B. gaini has lived on James Ross Island throughout neoglacial period up to recent time. Phylogeographic analysis of 16S rDNA of specimens from Patagonia, South Orkneys, South Shetlands and James Ross Island revealed that its high morphological diversity is not supported by this gene and that all examined populations of B. gaini is one species with very few...
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Genetic and Morphological Variability of the European Genus Cochlodina (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) with Focus on Species C. laminata (Montagu, 1803)
Szalontayová, Veronika ; Juřičková, Lucie (advisor) ; Drozd, Anna (referee)
This thesis focuses on the genetical and morphological diversity of plaited door snail (Cochlodina laminata). While small distribution ranges are typical for most species belonging to genus Cochlodina, the distribution range of C. laminata covers most of the European continent, except for its coolest and warmest parts. It has been previously suggested that this species might in fact be a complex of several species and large genetical as well as morphological diversity has been mentioned - however, yet undescribed - in previous studies. Sequences of two mitochondrial genes were used (16S rDNA, COI) and thirteen morphological characteritics have been assessed to investigate this diversity. I discovered that the current concept of C. laminata as a species is not in accordance with the discovered genetical nor morphological variability. The original species C. laminata/C. dubiosa form a common species complex and also interpretation of C. fimbriata will need to be assessed in more detail in the future. Other Central European species are valid species.
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Molecular identification and phylogeny of \kur{Chlorella} spp. production strains utilized in algal biotechnologies
VODIČKA, Tomáš
Green algae are quite important primary producers in fresh waters. The genus Chlorella represents one of algae most frequently utilized in algal biotechnologies to produce biomass, using either autotrophic or heterotrophic cultivation systems. It is than exploited as a food supplement for humans or animals. However, particular species within the genus are morphologically indistinguishable and molecular markers should be used to characterize production strains. This work is aimed to molecularly characterize three production strains of Chlorella for patent protection purposes and to specify their phylogenetic and taxonomic position.
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Molecular characterisation of stolbur phytoplasma infecting red clover in the Czech Republic
KOLOUŠKOVÁ, Pavla
The tested samples of red clover (Trifolium pratense) with symptoms of stunting were acquired during November, 2004 from a breeding station in Hladké Životice. After the isolation and amplification of 16S rDNA and consequential restrictive digestion a stolbur group phytoplasma (16S rDNA XII-A) was identified. For a more specific phylogenetic classification another two genes were amplified. The Tuf gene analysis reinforced results of previous results and by the use of digestion with HpaII enzyme Tuf type II was identified. The follow-up analysis of DNA helicase gene was an orientational one (restriction profiles have not been published so far). The comparison of 16S rDNA gene sequences, Tuf gene and DNA helicase gene with the data in GenBank proved the classification of diagnosed phytoplasma within the stolbur group, or more precisely the Candidatus Phytoplasma solani species, which proved the previous PCR/RFLP analysis right.
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