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Study of micropolutant removal at the root sewage treatment plant
Pešková, Karolína ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses in the theoretical part on explaining the concept of a root sewage treatment plant. There is also a more detailed description of these root sewage treatment plants functioning. Attention is paid to the phases of root sewage treatment plants, their basic functional principles, vegetation, selected pharmaceuticals and methods of their determination. In the experimental part, samples of wastewater from the root sewage treatment plant in Dražovice in Vyškov District, were processed. Eight selected drugs (atenolol, azithromycin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) were monitored in wastewater. These drugs were isolated from wastewater by solid phase extraction and then a method for identification and quantification was used – liquid chromatography with mass detection.
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Possibilities of identification of essential oils in environmental matrixes
Plačková, Lucie ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Contained substances type of essentials oils in samples of phytogenic are characterized in this thesis, namely in tree needles and in moss, theirs chemical fission, description effects on human health and theirs use in medicine. Thesis describes method of isolation and identification of essentials oils from plants. For isolation of essentials oils there are used methods solvent extraction and solid phase microextraction (SPME) and steam distillation, for identification there are thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC/MS).
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Risks associated with the use of biochar in the terrestrial ecosystem
Valeeva, Adeliia ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to assess the ecotoxicity of biochar produced from sewage sludge in Ingolstadt. Biochar is one of the carbon storage options and it’s applied to the soil. Biochar has an effect not only on the terrestrial ecosystem in direct contact of organisms with the sample, but also on aquatic in the leaching of substances from biochar into water. Therefore, contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effect. The representative of the decomposers was the earthworm Eisenia fetida, the primary producer – the plant Lactuca Sativa and the Daphnia magna was chosen from the aquatic organisms. The test results differed slightly, but the lowest negative effect on the test organisms was shown by soil samples with the addition of 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg granular biochar.
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Assessment of the effect of formaldehyde resin monomers on the environment
Kalčíková, Gabriela ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Thousand of new substances with unknown environmental effect are produced and used daily. Many of them are deliberately or by negligence released and deposited into the environment where they could undergo different transport and degradation mechanisms. They are able to affect different types of organisms, as well as humans. For this reason, the awareness of the problems, associated with pollution of all environmental compartments is growing. The environmental impact of monomer formaldehyde resins, which are produced for commercial use, on the environment were studied in this research. For the purposes of ecotoxicological evaluation samples of melamine-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resin were chosen and three toxicity tests were run: acute test with measurement of inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna, the acute test with luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and acute test with measurement of inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge. For more comprehensive assessment of the impact of these substances on the environment, biodegradability was also determined. Both tested substances showed minor hazardous impact to testing organisms and it can be concluded, that these substances should not present a significant risk to the environment.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of biochar from sewage sludge
Kotzurová, Iveta ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the ecotoxicological effect of biochar produced from sewage sludge. In case of application of biochar to agricultural land, both the soil and aquatic ecosystem may be affected therefore contact and aquatic tests were chosen to assess the ecotoxicological effects. Representatives of soil invertebrates were earthworms Eisenia fetida; Daphnia magna and Artemia salina were chosen from aquatic animals and terrestrial plants were represented by Lactuca sativa, Sinapis alba and Allium cepa. The results of contact tests point out how ecosystem could be negatively affected by biochar dose. Through aqueous extract were shown differences in sensitivity of individual organisms in aquatic tests. Dried sewage sludge was found to be the biggest burden for all tested organisms. The pelletized biochar with the addition of an additive showed the lowest negative effect on tested organisms.
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Ecotoxicological assessment of former mineral oil refinery
Kociánová, Sabina ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Brownfields are one of the unfavorable parts of industrial heritage that developed from 18th to 20th century. Brownfields are very different and in most cases they have negative impact on the environment. Crucial for this thesis were brownfields with certain level of contaminations. The site of a former refinery of mineral oils OSTRAMO, which represents ecological burden, is a brownfield that can threaten the environment in all its compartments. This was the reason why OSTRAMO was selected for this thesis. The goal of this thesis was to evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of contaminated samples taken from the location via ecotoxicity testing in aquatic and contact arrangement. The result of each test confirmed expected negative impact of the samples from the location of former rafinery on testing organisms.
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Assessment of the ecotoxic effect of plasma-activated solutions
Belisová, Mária ; Šimečková,, Jana (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with ecotoxicity assessment of plasma-activated solutions. Various plasma-activated solutions were prepared in the experiments. In the vast majority of tests, it was plasma-activated tap water – PAW. Depending on the test organism, dilution water was further processed, namely dilution water for Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna. In this master‘s thesis the ecotoxicological effects were assessed through aquatic ecotoxicity tests with an aquatic plant Lemna minor, on a crustaceans T. platyurus and D. magna and on agricultural crops Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa L. . Crustaceans are fresh-water organisms on which the water contamination can be quickly and quite easily assessed. These plasma-activated solutions were also tested for acute ecotoxicity of soil organisms by ecotoxicological contact tests with Eisenia fetida, springtails Folsomia candida and seeds of L. sativa. Tests on T. platyurus and D. magna were performed in time intervals and a change in mortality was observed depending on PAW concentration. If the test results allowed, the LC50, IC50, A and NR escapism values were calculated. When the measured and calculated values did not allow such a calculation, the overall effect of PAW on organisms was assessed and a significant difference was calculated for the L.sativa root growth inhibition test. The final results showed that PAW has an ecotoxic effect on aquatic organisms, while it has rather beneficial effects on terrestrial organisms.
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Bioindicators - their role in the evaluation of environment
Winklerová, Lucie ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with the use of plant and animal bioindicators in an evaluation of the state of the environment. Bioindicators are divided in this work according to ecosystem for which they are used into bio indicators of terrestrial and of water ecosystem. Furthermore, they are divided according to groups of analytes, which are indicated by means of them. In the work the attention is paid to selected elements of risk, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. The presence of these xenobiotics in the environment is particularly influenced by human activities. First of all individual industrial and automobile transports are permanent sources of contamination of the ecosystem with these xenobiotics. Considerable influence on the ecosystem pollution with organic and inorganic contaminants had also an injudicious application of certain fertilizers in agricultural production. The importance of bioindication and bioindicators is big. They help us not only assess the presence of xenobiotic in the environment, the development of its occurrence and sources of pollution, but they are also necessary in the evaluation of its biological effect, and responses and mechanisms of the organism which are induced by it. Biomonitoring is now an essential part of environmental protection by reason of monitoring the presence and the transport of contaminants.
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