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Comparative methods for studying adaptive traits of fungal symbionts
Veselská, Tereza ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Voigt, Kerstin (referee) ; Dvořák, Miloň (referee)
The kingdom Fungi encompasses an estimated 2.2 to 6.2 million species that occupy diverse environments, including aquatic, extremely dry, and hot or frosty habitats all over the world. To cope with adverse environmental conditions, fungi have developed numerous adaptations and life strategies, including symbiosis with other organisms, ranging from close, reciprocally beneficial (mutualistic) associations to severe pathogenic infestations. These interactions have an enormous impact on ecosystem functioning, with implications for agriculture and human health. For this reason, understanding the mechanisms enabling the successful development of fungal interactions is necessary for their efficient management. Recent advances in different 'omics' approaches have enabled us to compare species responses to the environment in a more complex way than before and to gain deeper insights into the adaptive mechanisms underlying specific life strategies. My thesis is divided into four main sections. In the first section, I sum up findings about adaptations of fungal symbionts of plants and animals. Then, I introduce two fungal genera, Geosmithia and Pseudogymnoascus, to which I applied comparative methods for tracking adaptive traits. The ecological diversity of the genus Geosmithia allows to trace adaptive...
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Ideology in the protectorate daily press discourse
Veselská, Tereza ; Dufek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis Ideology in the protectorate daily press discourse deals with the influence of ideology in the discourse of then legally published dailies České slovo, Lidové noviny and Venkov. The theoretical part refers firstly to the historical background of the state formation Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its political and social status within the Greater German Reich. After having depicted the demonstrations of 28th October 1939 and the events of 17th November 1939 the media character in the protectorate era is introduced, a special emphasis is put on the press. After that the concept of discourse is clarified as well as its origin, meaning and current interpretation. Besides the critical discourse analysis, its origins, aims and three major approaches are described. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the discourse-historical approach which was developed by Ruth Wodak and her colleagues from the Vienna School. The ideal procedure of this approach is outlined and the discursive strategies of nomination, predication and argumentation are explained. With their aid an analysis of four newspaper articles is carried out in the practical part of the thesis. After having summarised the textual analysis the influence of ideology around the events of 17th November 1939 is compared...
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Genome size estimation in protists
Lukeš, Jiří ; Čertnerová, Dora (advisor) ; Veselská, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor's thesis presents the current knowledge of the size of the genome in protists with a focus on the description and comparison of individual methods that were used to solve this issue. Genome size is a characteristic trait of all living organisms and other physiological features related to genome size are also mentioned. Of the selected methods, the greatest emphasis is placed on the flow cytometry, which is considered reliable and currently provides the most data on the size of protist genomes. In addition to flow cytometry, the contribution of whole genome sequencing to understanding the size of protist genomes is mentioned. Problems with estimating the size of protist genomes results from the heterogeneity of protists as a study group and from the non-uniform procedures within individual methods, which make possible comparisons difficult. Protists are evaluated in the work as an insufficiently studied group, within which the size of the genome varies by approximately 200,000×. The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the current knowledge about the genome size of relatively studied groups of protists. Key Words: Genome size, C-value, Protists, Flow cytometry, whole-genome sequencing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Feulgen densitometry, microspectrophotometry
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The role of microbial symbionts in the life cycle of Ips typographus
Havlíček, Václav ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Veselská, Tereza (referee)
Bark beetles (Coleoptera;Scolytinae) are usually considered as pests, because they attack trees in the protected and recreational forests and in the forests with economic importance. Their larvae develop under the bark, where it disturb the conductive tissues and affect the nutrient transport. Ips typographus attack Norway spruce (Picea abies). P. abies is an economic important woody plant. The life cycle of bark beetle is affected by its microbial symbionts in both positive and negative manner. Most of these organisms are facultative symbionts and they aren't completely depend on bark beetles. However, bark beetles are completely depend on its microbial symbionts. Symbiotic bacteria and fungus can be disseminated without bark beetles, but they are often spread by beetles. Microbial symbionts help overcome the defence mechanism of attacked trees, later they help with food digestion. Some fungi species can accumulate nitrogen in areas near the feeding chambers and improve ratio between carbon and nitrogen in plant tissue. Some bacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen or use uric acid, helping with nitrogen recycling. Number of intestinal symbiont diversity increase in the course of host development. This symbionts are probably gained during feeding. The presence and prevalence of the...
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Ideology in the protectorate daily press discourse
Veselská, Tereza ; Dufek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Křeček, Jan (referee)
Diploma thesis Ideology in the protectorate daily press discourse deals with the influence of ideology in the discourse of then legally published dailies České slovo, Lidové noviny and Venkov. The theoretical part refers firstly to the historical background of the state formation Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its political and social status within the Greater German Reich. After having depicted the demonstrations of 28th October 1939 and the events of 17th November 1939 the media character in the protectorate era is introduced, a special emphasis is put on the press. After that the concept of discourse is clarified as well as its origin, meaning and current interpretation. Besides the critical discourse analysis, its origins, aims and three major approaches are described. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the discourse-historical approach which was developed by Ruth Wodak and her colleagues from the Vienna School. The ideal procedure of this approach is outlined and the discursive strategies of nomination, predication and argumentation are explained. With their aid an analysis of four newspaper articles is carried out in the practical part of the thesis. After having summarised the textual analysis the influence of ideology around the events of 17th November 1939 is compared...
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Evolutionary ecology of the genus Geosmithia
Veselská, Tereza ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
7 Abstract The genus Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) belongs to fungi living in symbioses with bark beetles. Its original strategy is association with phloeophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). The Geosmithia shows strong affiliation to vector (bark beetles) worldwide and the spectrum of host plants is delimitated by niche of vector. The genus includes the specialists to family Pinaceae, but also the generalists with wide range of host plants mainly belonging to broad-leaved trees. G. morbida changed its ecology from saprotrophic to pathogenic way of life and causes decline of Junglans nigra in the USA. Characteristics which allow its pathogenesis are not known. Another derived strategy, which occurred at least twice independently, is association with the ambrosia beetles. The ambrosia beetles create galleries in xylem with low nutritive value, and thus they cultivate ambrosia fungus, on which they are entirely nutritively dependent. The ambrosia fungi share convergent phenotype which leads to large terminal conidia and to ability of yeast growth. This master thesis is focusing on study of the features, which are important for individual ecological groups: the specialists to family Pinaceae, the pathogene, the ambrosia fungi and the generalists. It is becoming apparent that the most...
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Marketing communication of the brand Brit in the years 2010-2011
Veselská, Tereza ; Obluk, Ondřej (advisor) ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (referee)
Bachelor thesis "Marketing Communication British brand in 2010 - 2011" describes the marketing communication of the brand Brit. Brit produces the premium " Brit Pemium" and the super premium "Brit Care" food for dogs and cats on the Czech market within the last two years. The work includes basic information about the company Vafo that owns the Brit, deals with the identity and the image of the brand Brit, its market positioning and the competing products and brands (Proplan, Eukanuba, Royal Canin and Hill's). The second chapter of the thesis is devoted to the marketing communications, which also includes the description of the brand marketing mix. The third chapter focuses on the communication mix, describes the print ads, online communication (Web sites and Facebook), sales promotion (contests, monthly events), trade fairs, exhibitions and PR activities (sponsorship, donations, publicity, media relations, events and the corporate identity materials) of the brand Brit. The Brit's communication activities and the competitor's communication activities (namely Hill's and Pedigree) are compared in the 4th part. The final part of the thesis evaluates the current brand communication and suggests possible future communication activities. The descriptive method is used for the analysis carried out in the thesis.
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