|
|
Clinical and experimental use of ketamine in psychiatry
Rydzyková, Tereza ; Tylš, Filip (advisor) ; Melkes, Barbora (referee)
Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) is used primarily as an anesthetic in medicine. This paper deals with the use of ketamine in psychiatric research. A brief section approaching pharmacology and neurobiological effects of this substance, is followed by the main essay dealing within the first part with the use of ketamine as a potential new antidepressant drug. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of this substance are described. Than neurobiological mechanisms underlying antidepressant action of ketamine are discussed. The second part of this review focuses on the use of ketamine as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Also published animal studies and studies administering ketamine in healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients are outlined. Subsequently neurobiological mechanism by which ketamine induces a psychotic state is proposed. Key words: Ketamine, NMDA receptor, schizophrenia, treatment-resistant depression, model of psychosis, antidepressant drug
|
|
|
EEG correlates of the effect of serotonergic hallucinogens in the rat
Vejmola, Čestmír ; Tylš, Filip (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee)
Serotonergic hallucinogens (ie. the classic psychedelics), including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and DOB, represent a group of psychoactive substances that profoundly affect human perception, thinking, affectivity and cognitive functions. All known agents of such origin are agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and induce large changes in the psyche due to the wide distribution of these receptors throughout the brain. The similarities between psychotic state and the state induced by these substances were noticed sixty years ago. Today, an abnormal function of serotonergic system is one of the explanations of psychotic disorders and serotonergic hallucinogens are therefore used in animal models as a model of schizophrenia. Modern neurobiological methods slowly reveal the ways in which serotonin system interacts with other neurotransmitter systems and contributes to such complex function as a human consciousness is. Although changes in the activity of the human brain in a psychotic state and the state of intoxication with psychedelics were largely theoretically unraveled, the animal experimental evidence fitting into this theoretical framework is still missing. The first part of this thesis summarizes the findings regarding phenomenology, neurobiology and...
|
|
|
The electroencephalographic changes in animal serotonergic model of psychosis-the study of EEG connectivity in relation to behavior
Tylš, Filip ; Páleníček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee) ; Chvátal, Alexandr (referee)
The present thesis deals with the electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of the effects of serotonergic psychedelics in an animal model of psychosis. In the general part, we describe the phenomenology and neurobiology of psychotic diseases and the altered states of consciousness induced by serotonergic psychedelics. Furthermore, we outline the pharmacological models of acute psychosis with a focus on serotonergic substances, particularly the active substances from hallucinogenic mushroom - the indolamine psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin. We briefly explain the method of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and summarize the main findings of QEEG in animals and humans intoxicated by serotonergic psychedelics. The experimental part of the thesis describes the pharmacokinetics of psilocin, its effects on the behavioral pattern, locomotion and sensorimotor processing of information, as well as sex differences in the behavioral response. A medium dose of psilocin caused atypical behavioral figures, decreased locomotion and disturbance in sensorimotor processing of information, with the females being more resistant to this effect. Another focus of the thesis is the dynamics of QEEG changes in time (EEG absolute power spectra and EEG coherences), as recorded from the cortex of...
|
|
|
Modern patterns of use of selected non-traditional psychoactive substances
Dékány, Ladislav ; Bumba, Jakub (advisor) ; Tylš, Filip (referee)
Background: The popularity of new synthetic drugs together with rising interest in nootropics, microdosing and untraditional natural or synthetic substances has been influencing the development of drug scene. Unleashing repression in scientific research of these substances together with new information about their potential usage in psychotherapy, treatment of substance abuse, chronic pain and personality development profiles a new type of user, who is seeking enhancement in his cognitive, spiritual or intellectual functions with minimal health risks. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to describe psychoactive substance patterns of use, which we consider untraditional given the current culture and context, eventually nootropics and microdosing phenomenon. Specific aim of this thesis is to find motivation behind using psychoactive substances, compare consequences of this use between commonly abused stimulants, opiates and describe the effect these substances have on alcohol and tobacco consumption. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Data was collected with anonymous questionnaire. Research file (n = 35) was chosen based on intended selection and snowball sampling methods. Every participant must had at least one experience with untraditional psychoactive substance which were chosen...
|
|
|
Clinical and experimental use of ketamine in psychiatry
Rydzyková, Tereza ; Tylš, Filip (advisor) ; Melkes, Barbora (referee)
Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist) is used primarily as an anesthetic in medicine. This paper deals with the use of ketamine in psychiatric research. A brief section approaching pharmacology and neurobiological effects of this substance, is followed by the main essay dealing within the first part with the use of ketamine as a potential new antidepressant drug. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the effectiveness of this substance are described. Than neurobiological mechanisms underlying antidepressant action of ketamine are discussed. The second part of this review focuses on the use of ketamine as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Also published animal studies and studies administering ketamine in healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients are outlined. Subsequently neurobiological mechanism by which ketamine induces a psychotic state is proposed. Key words: Ketamine, NMDA receptor, schizophrenia, treatment-resistant depression, model of psychosis, antidepressant drug
|
|
|
EEG correlates of the effect of serotonergic hallucinogens in the rat
Vejmola, Čestmír ; Tylš, Filip (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Aleš (referee)
Serotonergic hallucinogens (ie. the classic psychedelics), including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline and DOB, represent a group of psychoactive substances that profoundly affect human perception, thinking, affectivity and cognitive functions. All known agents of such origin are agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and induce large changes in the psyche due to the wide distribution of these receptors throughout the brain. The similarities between psychotic state and the state induced by these substances were noticed sixty years ago. Today, an abnormal function of serotonergic system is one of the explanations of psychotic disorders and serotonergic hallucinogens are therefore used in animal models as a model of schizophrenia. Modern neurobiological methods slowly reveal the ways in which serotonin system interacts with other neurotransmitter systems and contributes to such complex function as a human consciousness is. Although changes in the activity of the human brain in a psychotic state and the state of intoxication with psychedelics were largely theoretically unraveled, the animal experimental evidence fitting into this theoretical framework is still missing. The first part of this thesis summarizes the findings regarding phenomenology, neurobiology and...
|
|
|
The electroencephalographic changes in animal serotonergic model of psychosis-the study of EEG connectivity in relation to behavior
Tylš, Filip ; Páleníček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mareš, Pavel (referee) ; Chvátal, Alexandr (referee)
The present thesis deals with the electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of the effects of serotonergic psychedelics in an animal model of psychosis. In the general part, we describe the phenomenology and neurobiology of psychotic diseases and the altered states of consciousness induced by serotonergic psychedelics. Furthermore, we outline the pharmacological models of acute psychosis with a focus on serotonergic substances, particularly the active substances from hallucinogenic mushroom - the indolamine psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin. We briefly explain the method of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and summarize the main findings of QEEG in animals and humans intoxicated by serotonergic psychedelics. The experimental part of the thesis describes the pharmacokinetics of psilocin, its effects on the behavioral pattern, locomotion and sensorimotor processing of information, as well as sex differences in the behavioral response. A medium dose of psilocin caused atypical behavioral figures, decreased locomotion and disturbance in sensorimotor processing of information, with the females being more resistant to this effect. Another focus of the thesis is the dynamics of QEEG changes in time (EEG absolute power spectra and EEG coherences), as recorded from the cortex of...
|
guest ::
