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Metals Transport in the System Soil/Plant. Comparison of the Active and Passive Sampling Method (The Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique)
Trávníčková, Jana ; Janoš, Pavel (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Čelechovská, Olga (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deals with comparison between copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and concentration of copper measured by a DGT-device and concentration of copper obtained by extraction with generally used extraction agents (HNO3, NaNO3 and water). Plants were cultivated in pot experiments on a tested non-treated and gradually spiked soil. The amount of copper was determined in various part of radish (whole plant, above- and below-ground part) after mineralization in the APION mineralizer by ET – AAS. The highest concentration was in belowground part, especially in root tissues and sheel of root bulb. It confirms copper is associated with cell walls. The amount of copper taken by radish up does not pass beyond sanitary standards not even in spiked soils and consummation of radish is not unhealthy. Good correlations were found between copper concentration in radish and the amount of copper extracted with HNO3, NaNO3 and water and the amount found in soil solution. Results of extraction with HNO3 confirmed the amount of copper was stable in spiked soils during the pot experiments. The DGT experiments have shown that the rate of resupply from the solid phase to soil solution is constant during the deployment time. Whereas the release of copper decreases after 24 hours in natural soil. Copper added to soil in form of cupric ions is present in the different form after one month-equilibration than copper present in unspiked soils. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than copper concentration obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The extraction with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganism. High values of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0,9) were found between concentration of copper in radish plant and the concentration of copper in soil solution measured by DGT technique. Concentration of copper in soil solution was three times higher than concentration measured by DGT technique. Soil solution contains species of copper that are not measured by DGT technique and available to plants. Concentration of metals obtained by DGT measurements is more closely to real concentration of bioavailable forms of metal in soil. Therefore it is possible to recommend the DGT technique as a technique for determination of bioavailable forms of copper in soils.
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New resin gels for application in DGT technique
Trávníčková, Jana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Dočekal, Bohumil (advisor)
Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a simple preconcetration method for in situ determination of labile metal ions in aquatic systems. It eliminates contamination problems associated with the sampling and transport into the laboratory. The DGT technique is based on a simple device that accumulates metal ions on a cation-exchange resin, immobilized in thin layer of hydrogel, after passage through the diffusion layer. The cation-exchanger, usually Chelex 100, is selective for binding free or weakly complexed metal ions in solution. This diploma thesis deals with the characterization of a new resin gel based on ion exchanger with anchored thiol-functional groups, Spheron-Thiol, for DGT technique. This new binding agent with a high selectivity for „heavy“ metal ions could provide more information on the labile metal species in water systems. The performance of DGT technique with utilization of Spheron-Thiol resin was investigated by the determination of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb under laboratory conditions. Due to the strong adsorption of copper to the Spheron-Thiol, it is necessary to decompose the resin gel in nitric acid prior to the determination. New resin gel provides reliable information of trace metal concentrations within the pH range 6 – 8 typical for natural waters. The effect of competitive ligands, iminodiacetic and humic acids, on Cd, Cu, Ni a Pb sorption on Spheron-Thiol and Chelex 100 resin gels was determined.
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The pharmacotherapy of epilepsy
Trávníčková, Jana ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Jana Trávníčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy Epilepsy is one of the most frequent central nervous system diseases. This disorder is characterized by repetitious epileptic spasms. Classic as well as modern antiepileptic medication is being used in nowadays therapy with various effects, indications and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy must always be continuous and long-term based, sometimes even long-life. In some cases surgery treatment may be used. An important part of epileptic treatment is non-pharmacological processes. Even though we cannot wholly cure epilepsy by pharmacotherapical methods, nowadays possibilities of epileptic treatment enable us to improve quality of life of a patient and help them live their life without major limitations.
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Characterisation and regulation of the cancer stem cells'phenotype in human colorectal cancer cells
Trávníčková, Jana ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Jana Trávníčková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Lenka Skálová Specialized supervisor: Dr. Frédéric Hollande Title of diploma thesis: Characterisation and regulation of the cancer stem cells'phenotype in human colorectal cancer cells. Colorectal cancer nowadays represents one of the most common life threatening malignancies worldwide. Well describing and understanding the causes and development of this illness, especially on the molecular basis would provide a progress in the treatment. Defining cancer stem cells (CSC) that are considered as a potential cause of the tumour resistance and relapse would result in the development of a new targeted therapy. CRC1, colorectal cancer cell line recently established by the laboratory IGF in Montpellier was confirmed to possess the primitive morphology and to contain a larger amount of stem-like cells. This cell line is positive of stem-like-cell markers such as CK-18 and EphB2 and its morphology observed in electron microscope was defined as primitive with big nuclei and rare presence of other organelles. Change of Claudin 2 (CLDN2) expression is considered as another potential cause of colorectal cancer. Its increased expression is connected to the...
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The pharmacotherapy of epilepsy
Trávníčková, Jana ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Jana Trávníčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy Epilepsy is one of the most frequent central nervous system diseases. This disorder is characterized by repetitious epileptic spasms. Classic as well as modern antiepileptic medication is being used in nowadays therapy with various effects, indications and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy must always be continuous and long-term based, sometimes even long-life. In some cases surgery treatment may be used. An important part of epileptic treatment is non-pharmacological processes. Even though we cannot wholly cure epilepsy by pharmacotherapical methods, nowadays possibilities of epileptic treatment enable us to improve quality of life of a patient and help them live their life without major limitations.
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Metals Transport in the System Soil/Plant. Comparison of the Active and Passive Sampling Method (The Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique)
Trávníčková, Jana ; Janoš, Pavel (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Čelechovská, Olga (referee) ; Dočekalová, Hana (advisor)
The doctoral thesis deals with comparison between copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and concentration of copper measured by a DGT-device and concentration of copper obtained by extraction with generally used extraction agents (HNO3, NaNO3 and water). Plants were cultivated in pot experiments on a tested non-treated and gradually spiked soil. The amount of copper was determined in various part of radish (whole plant, above- and below-ground part) after mineralization in the APION mineralizer by ET – AAS. The highest concentration was in belowground part, especially in root tissues and sheel of root bulb. It confirms copper is associated with cell walls. The amount of copper taken by radish up does not pass beyond sanitary standards not even in spiked soils and consummation of radish is not unhealthy. Good correlations were found between copper concentration in radish and the amount of copper extracted with HNO3, NaNO3 and water and the amount found in soil solution. Results of extraction with HNO3 confirmed the amount of copper was stable in spiked soils during the pot experiments. The DGT experiments have shown that the rate of resupply from the solid phase to soil solution is constant during the deployment time. Whereas the release of copper decreases after 24 hours in natural soil. Copper added to soil in form of cupric ions is present in the different form after one month-equilibration than copper present in unspiked soils. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than copper concentration obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The extraction with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganism. High values of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0,9) were found between concentration of copper in radish plant and the concentration of copper in soil solution measured by DGT technique. Concentration of copper in soil solution was three times higher than concentration measured by DGT technique. Soil solution contains species of copper that are not measured by DGT technique and available to plants. Concentration of metals obtained by DGT measurements is more closely to real concentration of bioavailable forms of metal in soil. Therefore it is possible to recommend the DGT technique as a technique for determination of bioavailable forms of copper in soils.
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New resin gels for application in DGT technique
Trávníčková, Jana ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Dočekal, Bohumil (advisor)
Diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) is a simple preconcetration method for in situ determination of labile metal ions in aquatic systems. It eliminates contamination problems associated with the sampling and transport into the laboratory. The DGT technique is based on a simple device that accumulates metal ions on a cation-exchange resin, immobilized in thin layer of hydrogel, after passage through the diffusion layer. The cation-exchanger, usually Chelex 100, is selective for binding free or weakly complexed metal ions in solution. This diploma thesis deals with the characterization of a new resin gel based on ion exchanger with anchored thiol-functional groups, Spheron-Thiol, for DGT technique. This new binding agent with a high selectivity for „heavy“ metal ions could provide more information on the labile metal species in water systems. The performance of DGT technique with utilization of Spheron-Thiol resin was investigated by the determination of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb under laboratory conditions. Due to the strong adsorption of copper to the Spheron-Thiol, it is necessary to decompose the resin gel in nitric acid prior to the determination. New resin gel provides reliable information of trace metal concentrations within the pH range 6 – 8 typical for natural waters. The effect of competitive ligands, iminodiacetic and humic acids, on Cd, Cu, Ni a Pb sorption on Spheron-Thiol and Chelex 100 resin gels was determined.
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Manipulation hypothesis: critical review of published works on parasitic invertebrates
TRÁVNÍČKOVÁ, Jana
The manipulation hypothesis has attracted many researchers, and at present it seems to be documented fora wide range of parasites. However, in the last thirty years, numerous parasites have been revealed that, in fact, cannot manipulated with their host morphology, behaviour, and/or habitat preference, unlike conclusions of the previous studies. The major purpose of this study is to test critically the plausibility of the hypothesis about parasitic manipulation, based on metaanalysis of 55 papers concerning four helminth taxa, namely, Acanthocephala, Cestoda, Trematoda, and Nematomorpha.
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The strategy of the manufacturing company on the Vltavotýnsko
TRÁVNÍČKOVÁ, Jana
The basic aim of this work is to evaluate the economic health of an agricultural company and examination of its current data and business strategy with respecting of available resources and instable economic situation. In beginning of this work was given basic description of a firm, its business, strategy and basic attitudes to its creation including different ways of economic analysis. Part of this work was devoted to SWOT analysis or financial analysis. There is basic overview of absolute, ratio and distance economic roadsings. In this work two projects were considered in reason to improve economic results of ana-lyzed firm.
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Comparison of income redistribution through state social support benefits in the Czech Republic and Great Britain
Trávníčková, Jana ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Bauernöplová, Veronika (referee)
The thesis is focused on the exploration of income inequality among citizens of the Czech Republic and Great Britain. It is a comparison that evaluates the state income redistribution through state social support benefits. It provides information, in which country exists greater income inequality in income distribution among households and whether the income inequality among the citizens decreased due to the payment of these benefits or not. The theoretical parts of the work are devoted to explanation of basic terms (such as income redistribution, instruments of redistribution, relationship between social policy and redistribution) and tools for measuring income inequality (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Robin Hood index, Interquintile share ratio S80/S20). The text also describes the various state social support benefits of both countries. The main research section contains calculations and graphical representations of all the above mentioned indicators. The final values are compared and the results are summarized.
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