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Effect of nutritional intervention on characteristics of adipose tissue in obese
Krauzová, Eva ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee) ; Taxová Braunerová, Radka (referee)
Obesity is the world's most widespread metabolic disease and its continous rise in prevalence is alarming. The severity of obesity is that it is associated with a significant increase in the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer. Obesity thus contributes significantly to increasing the cost of healthcare system. Preventing the aforementioned diseases is essential to reduce this burden. This is based both on the prevention of obesity itself, on the other hand, on the knowledge and consequent influence on the mechanisms of metabolic disorders associated with obesity. These disorders are based on changes in key metabolic organs: adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle and pancreas. The present thesis is focused on obesity- induced disorders of adipose tissue at the metabolic, endocrine and immune levels, presented as dysfunctional adipose tissue. Special attention was paid to the detrimental effect of elevated levels of basic macronutrients (carbohydrates and lipids) and, on the other hand, to the beneficial effects of low calorie diets on molecular characteristics of adipose tissue. The acquired knowledge illuminates the mechanisms of action of nutritional stimuli on adipose tissue dysfunction at the molecular and...
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Endocrine role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Taxová Braunerová, Radka (referee)
Adipose tissue as an active endocrine organ is explored in a number of processes associated with metabolic disorders. This work is aimed on studying the effect of endoscopically implantable weight-reducing device - duodeno-jejunal bypass liner - on subclinical inflammation of adipose tissue in obese patients, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, for patients implanted with duodeno- jejunal bypass liner we determined anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal characteristics, and mRNA expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue proinflammatory (TNF-α, leptin, CCL- 2, CX3CL1, CD40, CD80, CD86, CD206, CD163 and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory genes (Adiponektin, IL-10) before, one month and ten months after the intervention. The implantation of duodeno-jejunal bypass liner significantly decreased body weight, waist circumference, and improved metabolic and glycemic control. In addition, C-reactive protein a highly sensitive indicator of inflammatory processes in the body was reduced ten months after implantation. In the case of mRNA expression of CD86 (a marker of activated B lymphocytes and macrophages) there was temporarily increase in adipose tissue one month after the surgery and the subsequent significant decrease after ten months. mRNA expression of other...
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