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Czech Energy Law in the Context of Environmental Protection
Příborský, Jan ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The dissertation deals with legal regulation of energy in the Czech Republic in the context of environmental protection. Power is the broadly conceived by the author because it includes not only the stage of obtaining energy resources, production, and the distribution of energy, but also the activities related to energy conservation and dealing with energy waste. For these individual phases, the author introduces the concept of the energy chain which is understood as a set of interrelated developmental stages of energy. Energy law is defined by the author as a law that regulates people's behavior towards usable energy at all stages of the energy chain. Endangerment and damage to the environment may occur (and often does occur) at each stage of the energy chain. This work emphasizes the principles and instruments of environmental protection which can effectively fulfill their function in energy legislation. The aim of the work is to find and understand the context of principles and instruments of environmental protection in the Czech energy law. This knowledge may then allow for an assessment of energy legislation de lege lata, including introducing specific proposals de lege ferenda and possible policy changes. The most important and overarching principle in all stages of the energy chain is the...
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Flows along arch filaments observed in the GRIS `very fast spectroscopic mode'
Gonzalez Manrique, S. J. ; Denker, C. ; Kuckein, C. ; Pastor Yabar, A. ; Collados Vera, M. ; Verma, M. ; Balthasar, H. ; Diercke, A. ; Fischer, C.E. ; Gömöry, P. ; Bello González, N. ; Schlichenmaier, R. ; Cubas Armas, M. ; Berkefeld, T. ; Feller, A. ; Hoch, S. ; Hofmann, A. ; Lagg, A. ; Nicklas, H. ; Orozco Suárez, D. ; Schmidt, D. ; Schmid, W. ; Sigwarth, M. ; Sobotka, Michal ; Solanki, S.K. ; Soltau, D. ; Staude, J. ; Strassmeier, K.G. ; Volkmer, R. ; von der Lühe, O. ; Waldmann, T.A.
A new generation of solar instruments provides improved spectral, spatial, and temporal resolution, thus facilitating a better understanding of dynamic processes on the Sun. High-resolution observations often reveal multiple-component spectral line profiles, which provides information about the chromospheric velocity and magnetic fine structure. We observed an emerging flux region, including two small pores and an arch filament system, on 2015 April 17 with the "very fast spectroscopic mode" of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS) situated at the 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. We discuss this method of obtaining fast (one per minute) spectral scans of the solar surface and its potential to follow dynamic processes on the Sun. We demonstrate the performance of the "very fast spectroscopic mode" by tracking chromospheric high-velocity features in the arch filament system.
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Source Administrative Acts in Proceedings Relating to the Environment
Štekr, Pavel ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with source administrative acts, which serve as a means of protection of the relevant area of the environment. The term "source administrative act" as used herein denotes various types of acts issued by administrative bodies which are then used as the ground for the final decision in administrative proceedings. The thesis does not focus only on binding source administrative acts, but also on other source acts of lower legal force. The thesis includes a section on the special legal regulation of source acts used in administrative sanctions proceedings. The main source materials for the thesis are the following: legal regulation of this issue currently in force, literature, methodologies of administrative authorities, decisions of administrative courts and the author's own professional experience. The beginning of the work includes the contents and a list of abbreviations. The third chapter contains an introduction where the author presents the reason for choosing the topic of the work, i.e. the frequent use of source administrative acts in the environmental field of public administration and their influence on administrative proceedings. Other reasons for choosing this topic were varying degrees of binding effect and problematic nomenclature of these acts and the bodies...
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Legal regulation of territorial protection of water in terms of quantity
Dvořák, Petr ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis deals with the legal regulation of territorial protection of water in terms of quantity, which is contained in the Water Act. I am only focusing on the Protected Areas of Natural Water Accumulation and Surface Water Accumulation Protected Areas as they have significant potential to reduce the effects of drought. Both areas are viewed through common problem, which is the point of view of the amount of water. The legal regulation of the territorial protection of waters in terms of quantity is discussed in connection with other laws. The aim of this work is to answer the question whether the legal regulation of territorial protection of waters in terms of quantity in the Water Act is sufficient to enable the Czech Republic to adapt adequately to the ongoing climate change, that ultimately causes the loss of water. The first part of the thesis deals with sources of legal regulation of territorial protection of water in terms of quantity, further includes the systematics of the Water Act and the Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Czech Republic (Adaptation Strategy of the Czech Republic). The second part analyses the Protected Areas of Natural Water Accumulation, prohibitions therein contained prohibitions, exemption from prohibitions and damage compensation. The third part deals...
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Legal protection of the climate system of Earth in the "post-Kyoto" period
Němeček, Michal ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the phenomenon of global climate change from the perspective of climate change law. The thesis defines the phenomenon in legal terms and deals with problems it brings to the environment and the world population. Its major part is dedicated to the international law of climate change, including all past Conferences of the Parties (COP) and their outcomes together with the most important treaties - United Nations Framework Convention in terms of Kyoto Protocol and the unsuccessful Doha Amendment. The Paris Agreement, which is the most recent international treaty, already ratified by 160 countries, could be a game changer in terms of effectivity in both climate change mitigation and adaptation legislation as well as much needed international solution. This thesis also focuses on the EU law of climate change, especially on the progress and future of Emissions Trading System and other legislation. Not only is the EU now more focused on the adaptation legislation, this is an important topic also for the Czech Republic. Especially when many Czech laws stem from EU regulations, there is still a great potential in the adaptation legislation and major progress is expected in the near future. Key words Climate change, Paris Agreement, emissions allowances, COP
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Legislation of shipment of waste in European union
Novák, Adam ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Derlich, Stanislav (referee)
in English A shipment of waste in European Union is really important part of the waste economy. A need of its control raised with the free movement of goods in the EU, because the unlimited shipment of waste would lead to irreplaceable damage on the environment. Regulaton No. 1013/2006, which is the most important document in this area, had to be properly adapted, that it could be its applicaton secured. The main topic of my thesis is just not only the analysis of the Regulaton No. 1013/2006, but also the comparison of its adaptaton in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Selected topics from climate change law with a focus on the transfer of technologies
Vrbová, Zuzana ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The first chapter of this thesis discusses the recent development of climate change law. It explores the reason as to why it is at the centre of a global debate, which is predominantly due the increasingly pronounced consequences of climatic changes on human society and the environment. Furthermore, it describes the most important requirements in tackling the issues presented by international climate change treaties. This includes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, acting as a base for the whole international climate change regime, the Kyoto Protocol as a legal tool with specified emission targets and most recently, the Paris Agreement, which serves as an independent international treaty however is still under the guidance of the framework convention. The author predicts that the Paris Agreement will determine the future direction of this legal field and therefore puts particular focus on this treaty in the first chapter of the thesis. The paper aims to uncover its weaknesses - questioning the enforceability of some of the measures that rely on the autonomy of states to implement and the lack of ambition in some of its targets. The second chapter expands on one of the key issues related to the main topic. The author emphasizes how the importance of environmentally friendly...
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Legal instruments of waste management
Humpálová, Šárka ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Derlich, Stanislav (referee)
The purpose of my thesis is primarily to describe the system of the waste management instruments and their role in the environmental protection and to analyse if the system is working well and is able to reach the outlined binding goals in the future. Due to the planned legislative changes the attention is paid to the individual sources of law. Although I focused more on the national law, I did not forget to mention the international and European law either. In the partial conclusions and in the finale of the thesis itself I summarize and generalize acquired knowledge and try to indicate some of the weak spots in the waste legislation.
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Right to a favourable environment within the regional human rights systems
Lipowský, Petr ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the right to a favourable environment, or to the protection of the certain quality of the environment with a focus on the regional human rights systems. This diploma thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter outlines the evolution of human rights at the universal level and certain related problems that accompany this evolution. The second chapter is concerned with the overview of the human-rights based approaches to the protection of the envrionment which include inter alia the effort for the recognition of the separate right to a favourable environment. The third chapter examines the evolution of the right to a favourable environment, or to the protection of the certain quality of the environment within the regional human rights systems so it concentrates on the control mechanisms of the relevant regional systems and their activity in the area of the protection of the environment. The conclusion deals with the evaluation of the evolution of the right to a favourable environment within the international law, focuses on the comparison and assessment of the common and different features of the regional human rights systems and indicates the future trend.
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Legal aspects of protection against radon
Fojtíková, Olga ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to present legal instruments used by the state to protect citizens from indoor radon and its decay products, to assess their effectiveness and to indicate possible pitfalls in their application. The paper first describes the radon issue from the perspective of natural sciences, introduces the unique Czech approach - the Radon Program, and describes handling of the issue by the state administration. The main emphasis is put on the development of related legislation, especially in the field of atomic and building law, where the state's approach to guidance levels is critically evaluated and where some recommendations for building management are mentioned. The legislation is also closely associated with the provision of state subsidies for anti-radon measures. Current developments are evaluated and options potentially leading to an improved effectiveness of this instrument are outlined. From a practical point of view, the paper is complemented by a case report based on private law and the related protection by civil law instrument.
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