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The property issues resultant from divorce in the Roman Empire
Skoupá, Lenka ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Šejdl, Jan (referee)
The property issues resultant from divorce in the Roman Empire Abstract This work deals with the topic of property relationships between married couples in relation to their divorce in the Roman world of the emperors. The main property issues at hand are dowry, property connections between the individual families and presents between the husband and wife. To understand the institutes involved properly, the work first presents the topic of marriage so that the reader may better understand the types of marriage, which naturally influence the divorce proceedings and their actual impact on the couple in question. The prerequisites of marriage are considered as well as the differences between marriage cum in manum conventione and marriage sine in manum conventione. Next, details of property relationships between married couples in times before divorce are discussed, especially as relates to the possible types of marriage. The topic of dowry, bridegift and gifts between spouses are contemplated. In its third chapter, the work deals with other forms of ending the marriage other than divorce, so that the institute of mariage in context of the roman empire can be better understood. The resultant viewpoint is that of marriage as a truly personal institution that must deal with the expectations and needs of the...
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Glossators a Commentators in the Strahov Library
Novák, Marek ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Salák, Pavel (referee) ; Falada, David (referee)
348 Glossators a Commentators in the Strahov Library Private law in the Czech Republic, but also in many countries of the world, has its origin in the law of ancient Rome, the development of which reached its peak in the form of a codification compiled at the initiative of Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century AD. However, modern civil codes do not draw their content, theoretically defined institutes, and systematics directly from the sources of Roman law, but from the results of their processing by medieval and early modern period jurists. This process is referred to as the reception of Roman law and, in addition to the discovery, or rather realization of importance, of Justinian codification, it involved its detailed study, the search for a system in the insufficiently organized compilation of the statements of classical Roman lawyers, the abstraction of theoretical concepts from casuistic norms and the transfer of ancient norms to the contemporary world. This thesis focuses on the first two stages of the process of reception of Roman law, which are referred to as schools of glossators and commentators according to the typical ways of work of lawyers, and which extend from approximately the second half of the 11th century to the end of the 15th century. It searches manuscripts, incunabula, and printed...
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Financial the Administration of Sicily as a Roman Province
Hejda, Josef ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Falada, David (referee)
This work aims to introduce readers to the Roman administrative and financial law. These laws are closely related to the development of Roman law as such and with its transformation from a small city-state to the land state and finally to a large empire with vast territories on three continents. During this evolution can be observed increasing demands on the state administration and various approaches to the territorial organization of the empire. On the one hand Italian territory was initially given priority as the Roman homeland, on the other hand were provincial units, which alone have been forced by Rome to pay taxes. In the period of dominate these differences were removed without significant exceptions. Sicily was standing at the birth of the provincial administration. Here arose the first forms of provincial rights and also appeared first practical problems of its active application. This remarkable island was a place where Rome learned to control other nations, province which funded the development of the late Republic of Rome, and a platform which helped to control the Mediterranean.
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Selected general issues of servitude under private Roman law
Šejdl, Jan ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Bělovský, Petr (referee)
ZÁVĚR Výše bylo pojednáno pouze o jedné části obecných nauk služebnostních, mnoho otázek a kapitol ještě zbývá a mělo by být odpovězeno, a proto snad není úplně jednoduché činit v dané situaci jakýchkoli závěrů. Je však možno učinit jisté shrnutí několika nejzávažnějších poznatků. Služebnosti nelze považovat za jednolitou skupinu. Rozdíly je nutno spatřovat nejen ve formě jejich dělení a na to návazné platnosti některých zásad, či naopak jejich neplatnosti, ale i v pojmové rozmazanosti samotného pojmu služebnost - servitus. Z výše uvedených důvodů také není možno považovat za úplně šťastné seskupení klasických služebností (pozemkových) a osobních užívacích práv, ač vzhledem k době vzniku této systematiky se jedná o krok do jisté míry oprávněný a pochopitelný. Skupina služebností je ve skutečnosti (a i historicky) skupinou mnoha jednotlivých oprávnění, které vzhledem ke svým více, či méně podobným vlastnostem, či snad nevysloveným zásadám, byly zařazeny pod jednotící pojem a do jisté systematiky, která z nich vychází a která se stala formou pro tvorbu později vznikajících služebností. Obecné normy pro služebnosti, či věcná břemena jsou proti tomu plodem ryze moderním. Jak samotný zákon XII tabulí svědčí, služebnosti náleží mezi jedna z nejstarších práv, jež v Římě existovala. O stejné skutečnosti také svědčí...
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Roman law definitions, maxims, regulas and their reflection in recent law
Thöndel, Alexandr ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee) ; Židlická, Michaela (referee)
Dissertation The Roman Law definitions, maxims, regulas and their reflection to contemporary law This dissertation is focused on research of reflection of The Roman Law sentences and definitions to contemporary Czech law and also to new prepeared legislative regulation of the new Civil Code. The research of single maxims was not mostly carried out separeted, but rather in context of single basic legal institutes. In conformity of prevailing materia of Private Law in Roman Law and not only in his original sources, but also in traditional Roman Law literature; also in this context also the content of this dissertation is focused on the Private Law, especially on the Civil Law. Comprehensibly in the context of the Private Law regulation this dissertation also touches some parties of Public Law during the researching description the single legal institutes. The chapter X. is dedicated to the relationship of the Private Law and the Public Law. On the top of it there are the basic principles of the Criminal Substantive Law researched and commented on. The comparison of the Private Law system and the public Law system is based on probably existent disparity between in general unambiguous expressed definition of law by Iuventius Celsus on the one side and by the public well known of dualistic conception by...
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The Roman Consulate
Zemánek, Jan ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Falada, David (referee)
Účelem této práce bylo popsat úřad konzula za časů antického Říma. V první části práce je krátce popsáno založení Říma, doba královská a následně zavedení konzulátu. Jádro práce tvoří popis úřadu konzula za časů římské republiky, tedy v době, kdy byl tento úřadem nejvyšším úřadem v Římě. Dále jsou popsány pravomoci konzulů, způsob jejich volby a vymezení jejich vztahu k ostatním úředníkům. Třetí část je věnována úřadu konzulů za časů římského císařství, kdy se tento úřad stal pouze symbolem skomírající římské republiky a zůstal bez faktického vlivu, jelikož jeho pravomoci postupně přebírají císaři. Ve druhé části popisuji konzulát v době římské republiky. V kapitole 2.1. popisuji genezi pojmu konzulové, dále uvádím popis magistratur a jejich dělení. V kapitole 2.2. popisuji úřad konzula, kde je zařazen do skupiny nejvyšších magistratur. Další podkapitola 2.1.1. popisuje postavení konzulů ve státě a podkapitola 2.2.2. popisuje volbu konzulů a je zde uvedena zmínka o zákonu Lex Villia annalis. Kapitola 2.3. se věnuje působnosti konzulů. Čtenář zde nalezne výklad klíčového pojmu pro popis konzulské působnosti - pojem imperia (podrobněji se mu věnuje podkapitola 2.3.1.) Následující podkapitola 2.3.2. popisuje pojem kolegiality jako jeden z pojmových znaků konzulského úřadu. Dále popisuje také důsledky...
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Greek and Roman reformers
Grigoryan, Hračja ; Skřejpek, Michal (advisor) ; Bělovský, Petr (referee)
The goal of this thesis on roman and greek reformers was to create a methodical summary of the most important constitutional reforms in ancient Rome and Greece. It is mostly focussed on the history of ancient Rome or Roman reformers, respectively. I call these reforms constitutional for their undoubted life-changing impact on the society as a whole - some of the reforms changed the ancient societies for the upcoming decades and even centuries, some changed them, as I believe, forever. For example a struggle between Lucius Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius had a far- reaching impact on Rome as too much of "unbreakable" rules were broken - which, of course, led to another and another heavy and unprecedented interventions which ultimately led to the fall of the republic and the beginning of the new, Imperial, era. Main sources of this thesis are the texts of ancient authors, such as Plutarch Suetonius and Appian, as it was one of my goals to use primary literature as much as possible.
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