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Digital processing of plant genomes
Jugas, Robin ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
This work continues in development of DNA numerical representation’s field in the recent years. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to work out an overview of numerical representations of DNA sequences and to describe the differences and properties of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic code focused on plants. Final objective is analysis of usability these signal’s representations for classification of organisms. The theoretical part is focused on description of biological facts, overview of conversion methods of DNA sequences into signals, the methods of organisms classification and the DTW algorithm. The practical part contain the created GUI application for organism classification based on numerical sequences and the analysis of usability these numerical representations for classification. The outputs of cluster analysis of numerical sequences are compared with the phylogenetic tree.
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Identification of LTR retrotransposons in human genome
Trott, Eduard ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Cílem této práce je zpracování literární rešerše na téma vyhledávání LTR retrotranspozonů v lidském genomu. Práce popisuje možné problémy spojedné s danou tématikou a obsahuje implementaci nového vhodného algoritmu pro vyhledávání. Výsledky tohoto algoritmu, obsahující všechny nalezené LTRs byly statisticky porovnány s existujícími algoritmy pro vyhledávání nových retroelementů.
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The use of genomic signal compression for classification and identification of organisms
Sedlář, Karel ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
Modern classification of organisms is performed on molecular data. These methods rely on multiple alignment of sequences of characters which make them computationally demanding. Only small parts of genomes can be compared in reasonable time. In this paper, the novel algorithm based on conversion of the whole genome sequences to cumulative phase signals is presented. Dyadic wavelet transform is used for lossy compression of signals by redundant frequency bands elimination. Signal classification is then performed as a cluster analysis using Euclidian metrics where multiple alignment is replaced by dynamic time warping.
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Properties of current signals in nanopore sequencing
Plocková, Veronika ; Nykrýnová, Markéta (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Oxford Nanopore technologies brought new and revolutionary technology in the field of DNA sequencing. Their sequencing device measures changes in the electric current flowing through pores together with DNA. This work aims to describe differences between raw signals produced by various sequencing kits and sequencing flowcells while sequencing several different bacteria. Two datasets combining five different organisms, two sequencing kits, and two types of flowcells were used to analyze various statistical parameters that would be suitable for the description of current signals gathered from nanopores. Finally, the samples were classified using the k-means algorithm and the results were discussed.
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Bootstrap methods in phylogenetics
Sedlář, Karel ; Vohánka,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
In recent decades, phylogenetic reconstruction has noted great development. It was achieved by using newly acquired molecular characteristics and processing that it began to be taken as an objective science. Rapid development showed that it is necessary to evaluate the results because new techniques provided phylograms from unreliable data. For these purposes, statistical sampling methods have been applied to the phylogeny, of which bootstrapping began later to dominate. However, it also has limitations, which should be considered during interpreting the results it provided to us. This work demonstrates by combining the principles of bootstrapping and consensus trees we can obtain phylograms with better properties than those of conventional phylograms.
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Character-based methods for DNA barcoding
Kalianková, Kateřina ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
This work deals with character-based DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding and character-based DNA barcoding methods are described in the introduction. Another part contains information of method CAOS (Characteristic Attributes Organization), method BLOG (Barcoding with LOGic) and method BLAST. Programs are described in the practical part. The end contains results.
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Modelling of Cell Colony Dynamics
Bělehrádek, Stanislav ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
The content of the thesis is a description of intracellular processes responsible for cell cycle regulation and reactions of cells to external and internal stimuli. Thoroughly described are important signaling pathways with appropriate methods, which can be used to simulate them in silico. From these cellular processes, a cell cycle model is created and implemented in a tool programmed in C ++ with OpenGL used for visualization. The model is then tested for various cell processes including HeLa cells growth. Finally, the results are compared with the behavior of living cells.
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Detection of chimeras in amplicon sequencing
Heřmánková, Kristýna ; Jurečková, Kateřina (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Chimeric sequences are the most common artifacts that can occur in sequencing data after the sample amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. The presence of these artifacts can negatively affect results of the analysis. Therefore, the detection and subsequent filtration of chimeric sequences is an important step in the computational processing of sequencing data. This work deals with the principle of chimera formation and the possibility of reducing their occurrence. The aim of this work is to implement an algorithm for chimeras detection in R language and testing its accuracy on data provided by the Veterinary Research Institute in Brno.
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Gene regulation in Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598
Schwarzerová, Jana ; Jurečková, Kateřina (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá studiem genové regulace v Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598, pro následné odvození genové regulační sítě bakterie C. beijerinckii NRRL B-598. V teoretické části této práce je uvedena obecná nomenklatura problematiky genové regulace se zaměřením na nomenklaturu genových regulačních sítí. Následně jsou zde popsané laboratorní metody, sloužící pro získání vhodných dat popisující expresi genů. Tato data jsou základem pro studium genové regulace a návrhy genových regulačních sítí. Práce se zaměřuje především na technologii RNA-Seq a stručný popis laboratorních dat získaných ze zmíněné bakterie C. beijerinckii NRRL B-598. V praktické části se práce zabývá předzpracováním těchto surových laboratorních dat a následným studiem genové regulace se zaměřením na odvození operonů a vytvoření prvních genových regulačních sítí pomocí různých přístupů pro C. beijerinckii NRRL B-598.
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Signaling Pathway for Butanol Production in Solventogenic Clostridium Bacteria
Musilová, Jana ; Škutková, Helena (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá studiem signální dráhy produkce butanolu bakterií rodu Clostridium. V první části pojednává o modelování signálních drah pomocí metod systémové biologie. Navazuje popisem zisku dat pro tvorbu a úpravu modelů signálních drah s hlavním zaměřením na techniky pro zjištění genové exprese, produkce a fenotypu. Třetí sekcí je získání základního modelu signální dráhy zapojené do produkce butanolu u solventogenních klostridií. Posledním bodem a zároveň hlavním cílem je vytvoření dynamického modelu signální dráhy produkce butanolu kmene Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598, jeho vyhodnocení pomocí statické a dynamické analýzy a srovnání s biologickými daty.
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