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Discourse Connectives in Czech.(From Centre to Periphery)
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Tárnyiková, Jarmila (referee)
Magdaléna Rysová Discourse Connectives in Czech (From Centre to Periphery) Abstract The thesis focuses on description and analysis of discourse connectives in Czech in broader sense, i.e. by which language means it is possible to express sense relation within a text. The thesis is not limited to any parts of speech (like conjunctions or structuring particles) but it tries to find and describe all language means in Czech with the ability to connect two pieces or units of a text into one coherent complex. The thesis investigates discourse connectives in Czech with respect to the so called secondary connectives (i.e. mainly multiword phrases like to je důvod, proč - that is the reason why; kvůli těmto skutečnostem - due to these facts etc., in opposition to primary connectives like však - however, nebo - or, a - and, ale - but, proto - therefore etc.). Discourse connectives are (in general terms) understood as language expressions that signal semantico-pragmatic relations within a text. However, there are many theories that significantly differ in the concrete description of these expressions. Therefore, there is not a generally accepted and universal definition of discourse connectives and their description and characteristics is still a matter of linguistic discussion. The aim of this thesis is to contribute...
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Discourse connectives in texts written by non-native speakers of English
Kubánková, Eliška ; Rysová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The thesis discusses the topic of discourse connectives as means of textual cohesion in formal texts written by non-native speakers of English. The material used for the analysis is a corpus of 161 application emails written by students whose language proficiency corresponds to the level B2 in the Common European Framework of Reference. The aim of the thesis was to determine the frequency and kinds of connectives used by B2 speakers, and to help specify the level B2 in terms of writing. The analyzed aspects were frequency, types of connectives (one- word/multi-word, primary/secondary), their morphological and syntactic classes, scope (inter- /intra-sentential), position in the sentence; further the types of discourse arguments and semantic types of relations expressed. It was found that most connectives were one-word, primary expressions realized by conjunctions and adverbials. The most frequently occurring connective was and, followed by because and the adverbs so and also. The most frequent semantic type of relation expressed was expansion, followed by contingency (cause), which can be attributed to the text type. Some secondary structures were also found, including different modifications of the clauses The reason is and That is why. The preferred position of connectives was initial, and their...
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Discourse Connectives in Czech.(From Centre to Periphery)
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Tárnyiková, Jarmila (referee)
Magdaléna Rysová Discourse Connectives in Czech (From Centre to Periphery) Abstract The thesis focuses on description and analysis of discourse connectives in Czech in broader sense, i.e. by which language means it is possible to express sense relation within a text. The thesis is not limited to any parts of speech (like conjunctions or structuring particles) but it tries to find and describe all language means in Czech with the ability to connect two pieces or units of a text into one coherent complex. The thesis investigates discourse connectives in Czech with respect to the so called secondary connectives (i.e. mainly multiword phrases like to je důvod, proč - that is the reason why; kvůli těmto skutečnostem - due to these facts etc., in opposition to primary connectives like však - however, nebo - or, a - and, ale - but, proto - therefore etc.). Discourse connectives are (in general terms) understood as language expressions that signal semantico-pragmatic relations within a text. However, there are many theories that significantly differ in the concrete description of these expressions. Therefore, there is not a generally accepted and universal definition of discourse connectives and their description and characteristics is still a matter of linguistic discussion. The aim of this thesis is to contribute...
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Alternative Lexicalizations of Discourse Connectives in Czech
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The paper concentrates on which language means may be included into the annotation of discourse relations in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and tries to examine the so called alternative lexicalizations of discourse markers (AltLex's) in Czech. The analysis proceeds from the annotated data of PDT and tries to draw a comparison between the Czech AltLex's from PDT and English AltLex's from PDTB (the Penn Discourse Treebank). The paper presents the lexico-syntactic and semantic characterization of the Czech AltLex's and comments on the current stage of their annotation in PDT. In the current version, PDT contains 306 expressions (out of the total 43,955 of sentences) that were labeled by annotators as being an AltLex. However, as the analysis demonstrates, this number is not final. We suppose that it will increase after the further elaboration, as AltLex's are not restricted to a limited set of syntactic classes and some of them exhibit a great degree of variation.
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On explicative relationships in Czech
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Lehečková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the paper is to explore and characterize explicative relationships in Czech expressed by linking elements totiž, vždyť, přece and to distinguish them from other semantic relationships within the compound and complex sentences (mainly from causality). The research was done on the basis of analysis of linguistic material gained from the Czech National Corpus (SYNPUB2006 and parallel corpus InterCorp) and Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT). Only 902 out of 3 713 examined utterances were relevant for the research (it means 902 utterances contained expressions totiž, vždyť, přece as conjunctions within the compound or complex sentences; the others including relationships within clause elements or referring over sentence final signal to the previous context were not explored). Therefore, it was shown that linking elements totiž, vždyť, přece functioning as a means bringing the contents of both utterances into some semantic relation occur relatively rarely (in the searched corpus data in 24. 29 %). These sentences may be then separated into several semantic groups. This paper focuses on two of them - explication and causality, as these two relationships are often hard to distinguish (as shown in the analysis of relationships within utterances in Prague Dependency Treebank PDT and Czech National Corpus)....
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