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Cytokinines and their role in plant cell division, with accent on G2/M transition
Prášilová, Jana ; Ševčíková, Hana (advisor) ; Bíšová, Kateřina (referee)
The eukaryotic cell cycle is well understood mainly in yeasts and animals. Basic regulatory mechanisms, with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) playing crucial roles, are similar in all eukaryotes including plants. CDKs operate mainly at the key cell cycle checkpoints, G1/S and G2/M. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CDKs by kinases and phosphatases have both negative and positive effect. Negative regulator at the G2/M transition is WEE1 kinase which phosphorylates conserved amino acid residues T14 and Y15 of CDK. Phosphatase CDC25 removes this inhibitory phosphate in yeasts and animals and forces cells into mitosis. Plant cell cycle exhibits remarkable differences. Importantly, it is controlled by phytohormones, and some key points of regulation remain obscure - a functional plant homologue of yeast CDC25 phosphatase has not been found in plants yet though Y15 inhibitory phosphorylation by WEE1 kinase blocks mitosis entry in plants as well. Thus, the regulatory mechanism of G2/M transition in plant cells is still to be found. Phytohormones play a key role, not only in the plant cell cycle, but in whole plant development. Interplay between the two groups of phytohormones: auxins and cytokinins, is crucial. Especially cytokinins significantly influence the regulation of G2/M checkpoint. It is...
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Development and genetic basis of glycopeptide resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci
Prášilová, Jana ; Balíková Novotná, Gabriela (advisor) ; Lišková, Petra (referee)
Glycopeptides are the so-called last-resort antibiotics in clinical practice used to treat heavier, predominantly nosocomial infections caused by multi-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. The origin and genetic basis of resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics has not yet been elucidated within coagulase-negative staphylococci. Research on Staphylococcus aureus has shown, that intermediate resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics is associated with the presence of one or more mutations, rather than being conditioned by the support of a particular genetic element, such as in enterococci. By using various types of in vitro resistant mutant selection, we were able to obtain isogenic pairs of glycopeptide sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. By sequencing the genomes of these pairs, one nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and predominantly found in metabolic and cell wall control systems. Phenotypic analysis did not reveal a direct association of glycopeptide resistance with increased biofilm formation. In clinical practice, the cross-resistance of glycopeptides and other antibiotics is problematic. For the non-glycopeptide antibiotics imipenem and rifampicin, the incidence of cross-resistance with glycopeptide antibiotics in S. aureus...
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Cytokinines and their role in plant cell division, with accent on G2/M transition
Prášilová, Jana ; Ševčíková, Hana (advisor) ; Bíšová, Kateřina (referee)
The eukaryotic cell cycle is well understood mainly in yeasts and animals. Basic regulatory mechanisms, with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) playing crucial roles, are similar in all eukaryotes including plants. CDKs operate mainly at the key cell cycle checkpoints, G1/S and G2/M. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CDKs by kinases and phosphatases have both negative and positive effect. Negative regulator at the G2/M transition is WEE1 kinase which phosphorylates conserved amino acid residues T14 and Y15 of CDK. Phosphatase CDC25 removes this inhibitory phosphate in yeasts and animals and forces cells into mitosis. Plant cell cycle exhibits remarkable differences. Importantly, it is controlled by phytohormones, and some key points of regulation remain obscure - a functional plant homologue of yeast CDC25 phosphatase has not been found in plants yet though Y15 inhibitory phosphorylation by WEE1 kinase blocks mitosis entry in plants as well. Thus, the regulatory mechanism of G2/M transition in plant cells is still to be found. Phytohormones play a key role, not only in the plant cell cycle, but in whole plant development. Interplay between the two groups of phytohormones: auxins and cytokinins, is crucial. Especially cytokinins significantly influence the regulation of G2/M checkpoint. It is...
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Efektivita nástrojů řízení kvality
Prášilová, Jana
This master thesis analyzes the processes which assure the quality of the pro-duct, which are held in a international supplier to the automotive industry. On the basis of this analysis were identified tools of quality management in the company and has been evaluated for its time and financial demands. All results were obtained using primary and secondary research. Primary research and data were ensured by structured interviews with employees. Secondary research included the analysis of internal documents of the company. Part of this work was to propose a new framework process map. At the conclusion were summarized the benefits of individual instruments and possible improvements for the company.
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Marketingová strategie firmy ZKL Bearings CZ, a.s.
Prášilová, Jana ; Boučková, Jana (advisor) ; Hrádek, Vladimír (referee)
Cílem mé práce bylo definovat marketingovou strategii firmy ZKL Bearings CZ, a.s. a zformulovat doporučení pro firmu v této oblasti. K cíli jsem postupovala následujícími kroky: 1. charakterizovala jsem postavení firmy ZKL Bearings CZ, a.s. v koncernu ZKL, 2. definovala jsem základní poslání podniku, 3. vytvořila jsem důkladnou situační analýzu firmy, která zahrnovala SWOT analýzu, analýzu konkurence, analýzu trhu a prognózy prodejů až do roku 2011, 4. stanovila jsem marketingové cíle a v návaznosti na ně strategický marketingový mix a marketingové strategie, 5. vyslovila jsem doporučení pro strategický směr firmy ZKL Bearings CZ, a.s. Svůj přínos k řešené problematice vidím hlavně v nezaujatém posouzení současného strategického směru a v novém pohledu na tuto problematiku, který není poznamenán zakonzervovanými postupy ve firmě. Poznatky v mojí práci jsou využitelné především ve firmě ZKL Bearings CZ, a.s. a popřípadě pro diplomové práce s podobným zaměřením.
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