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Optimization and characterization of dimethacrylate-based resin
Baradzina, Lizaveta ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Poláček, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis was focused on the optimization and characterization of resins based on dimethacrylate monomers. The polymerization process was also monitored depending on the type and molar ratio of monomers used, on the content of barium glass filler and the presence of glass fibers. Changes in the viscoelastic properties of materials during polymerization were also investigated. The following methods were used to characterize the prepared dimethacrylate resins and composite materials based on them: viscosimetry, differential scanning photocalorimetry (DPC), photoreology, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dynamic viscosity of the prepared dimethacrylate matrices was determined by viscometry. Based on the results of DPC analysis of the tested resins, the dependences of heat flow on time, conversion on time and polymerization rate on conversion were created. With photoreology, the course of curing, the onset of the gelation point and changes in the viscoelastic properties of the systems were monitored. The viscoelastic properties of the cured composite materials were then determined by DMA in the three-point arrangement. TGA was performed to accurately determine the composition of the tested samples
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Technology of injection molding of thermoplastic test specimens
Khamzin, Yersin ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of technological parameters of plastic injection molding and the study of the influence of technological parameters on the quality of molded test specimens’ type 1A. The quality of molded parts for 3 types of polypropylene (PP) with different melt flow rate (Mosten GB 002, Mosten GB 218, Mosten MA 230) and 1 type of polystyrene (PS) (Krasten PS GP 154) was evaluated in terms of dimensional stability and weight. The contribution of software for modeling the plastic injection molding process was evaluated in this work. SOLIDWORKS Plastics software was used to optimize technological parameters. The construction of the bodies, mold and cooling system was constructed, and test bodies were produced on the basis of parameters obtained from the simulation of the injection molding process. Their quality parameters were compared with a 3D model and for each of the studied materials the optimal technological parameters were selected in terms of quality and the degree of influence of individual injection parameters on the quality of moldings was evaluated. The accordance of the results of the theoretical simulation with the real experiment was proved and a computational module independent of the optimized quality parameters, generally suitable for optimizing the quality parameters of the injected parts, was developed.
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Photopolymerization study of composites
Baradzina, Lizaveta ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Poláček, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis investigated the influence of ceramic nanofibers and particle filler on the curing kinetics of composite materials with dimethacrylate matrix. Changes in viscoelastic properties of materials during polymerization were also monitored. Within this work, four types of materials were prepared: particle composite, fiber composite, hybrid composite and pure matrix. Composite systems of different compositions were characterized by photorheology, differential photocalorimetry (DPC), and dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA). The effect of light intensity and irradiation time on changes in the rheological properties of materials that occur during photopolymerization were investigated using photorheology. Based on the results of DPC analysis of the tested samples the dependencies of conversion on time and polymerization rate on conversion were created. The viscoelastic properties of the cured composites were determined by DMA analysis in a three-point arrangement.
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Controlled life-time polypropylene
Demková, Eva ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Tocháček, Jiří (advisor)
The master´s thesis is focused on the characterization of degradation process of polypropylene and polypropylene with statistic copolymer into which manganese (II) stearate and cobalt (II) stearates were added at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 wt.% loadings. The aim of the thesis was to prepare the controlled life-time polypropylene. The degradation was studied at varying temperatures and prodegradant loadings. The prodegradants were synthetized and characterized using the FTIR and DSC techniques. Thermooxidation of the tested samples induced the changes in crystallinity, melting points and melt-flow indexes. Tensile strength and other mechanical properties were determined by means of the tensile test. The carbonyl index was determined using FTIR, the thermooxidation stability test was used to determine the activation energies of reactions. The changes in morphology of degraded samples were observed by SEM analysis.
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Preparation and characterization of graphene/polymer composites
Zálešáková, Romana ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Poláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of the master’s thesis is study of polymer composite system with the addition of graphite, production of test specimen and determination of their mechanical and thermal properties. The theoretical part deals with graphene, its structure, preparation and properties. Subsequently, it deals with functionalization and derivates and nanocomposites polymers with the addition of graphene are generally analyzed. The experimental deals with the preparation of selected specimens. Tensile and laternal tests and DMA were used for study.
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Grafting of PP using itaconic anhydride and drying agent
Petruš, Josef ; Hermanová, Soňa (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis deal with a preparation of polypropylene (PP) grafted with itaconic acid (IA) and itaconic anhydride (IAH) arising by thermic dehydration in situ from IA in presence of drying agents. Theoretical part contains actual knowledges especially about radical grafting of polypropylene with different monomers. In experimental part samples of polypropylene grafted with 0.5 wt % IA were prepared with free different drying agents: calcium oxide, aluminium oxide and calcium sulfate hemihydrate. To comparison PP grafted with 0.5 wt % IAH was prepared. Thermic behaviour of IA with drying agent and IAH samples was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. Process of grafting was realized with mixer Brabender at temperature 230 °C, speed was 30 RPM and reaction time 6 minutes. 2,5-dimethyl-2,5bis(tert-buthylperoxy)hexane (Luperox 101) was used as iniciator. Percentage of grafted carboxylic groups was provided by acid-base titration. FTIR spectroscopy was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of characteristic groups.
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Blends of PLA with thermoplastics
Petruš, Josef ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with preparation of polymer blend of polymer A and polymer B. Knowledge of polymer blends forming, thermodynamics and function of compatibilizer is contained in the theoretical part. Polymer blend A/B of weight ratios 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 wt% were prepared by physical compatibilization. Concentration of compatibilizer was 5 wt%, in the case of A/B 50/50 wt% concentration of compatibilizer was 10 and 30 wt%, respectively. Blending was achieved with twin-screw extruder at 230 °C and 100 rpm. Second method used for A/B blending was based on reactive compatibilization which was achieved with Brabender kneader at 230 °C, 50 rpm and reaction time 10 minutes. Concentration ratios of A/B were 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 wt%. Itaconic acid anhydride and maleic anhydride 0.5 and 5 wt% were used as monomer. 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-buthylperoxy)hexan was (Luperox 101) used as an initiator. Difference between compatibilized and noncompatibilized blends was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry, melt flow index measuring, acid-base titration and FT-IR spectroscopy.
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Analytical Methods of Radical Grafted Polypropylene
Zahálka, Martin ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with characterization and analyzes of radical grafted polypropylene. Analytical methods and processes used for determination of concentration of MA in grafted PP and characterization of prepared material were summarized in theoretical part. PP-g-MA samples were prepared by the homogeneous and heterogeneous technique. All the samples with unknown content of MA were analyzed by two volumetric methods. Quantitative analysis by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) was used. Carbonyl index was determined based on peaks of methylene (1167 cm-1) and carbonyl (1785 cm-1) groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was one of the methods used to determine concentration of MA in modified PP. Melt flow index was determined and range of -scission was discussed.
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PP/PA6 polymer blend preparation
Olšan, Jakub ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis studies preparation of polymer blends of polyamide 6 with polypropylene. A present knowledge about preparation of polymer blend of PA6/PP was summarized in theoretical part. Experimental part is focused on an ideal ratio of starting materials for compounding to get maximal elongation at break. At first the preparation of samples was realised in Brabender mixer at temperature of 240 °C, reaction time 6 minutes and 50 RPM. Later, samples were prepared in double-screw extruder at temperature zones between 220 and 240 °C, transition time 3,5 minutes and 90 RPM. All samples were measured on melt flow rate and tensile test. Morfology was studied by SEM. Due to SEM it was discovered that there is huge difference between compatibilized and uncompatibilized blends in their morfology. Thanks to FTIR and DSC it was proved that there is chemical bond between PA 6 and compatibilizer. Conditionation of this exact blend was done to discover the influence on mechanical properties.
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Compatibilization of polymeric blends of poly(lactic acid) PLA
Boldovjaková, Tatiana ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Petruš, Josef (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with reactive compatibilization of polymer blend of poly(lactic acid) and polyamide 6 of weight ratios 20/80. The method of reactive compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) and polyamide 6 in laboratory kneader at 230 °C and 60 rpm was chosen based on knowledge introduced in the literature review. These blends were reactively compatibilized by poly(lactic acid) grafted with itaconic anhydride, multifunctional epoxide Joncryl, poly(itaconic anhydride) and organic peroxide 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (Luperox 101) at different concentrations for 4 minutes. The effects of reactive compatibilizers and its concentration on morphological, thermal and rheological properties of blends were investigated. Reactive compatibilizer Joncryl improved interfacial adhesion, reduced particle size of dispersed phase, improved thermal stability of blends when compared to uncompatibilized blend. The results show that Joncryl is an effective reactive compatibilizer for blend of poly(lactic acid) and polyamide 6. Poly(lactic acid) grafted with itaconic anhydride did not show desired effect due to the low concentration of anhydride groups. After the addition of poly(itaconic anhydride) and Luperox 101 into the poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 blends, side reactions occurred, which was proved by rheological and morphological properties of these blends.
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