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Ethical aspects in the New Year's speeches by Vaclav Havel
Kovářová, Klára Marie-Anna ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis "Ethical aspects in the New Year's speeches by Vaclav Havel" interprets and evaluates the content of the New Year's speeches by President Havel in the light of civil and political ethics. In the study part first deals with the theoretical background (the areas of ethical consideration; relationship of ethics, politics, freedom) and also represents Havel`s ethical and philosophical dimension (the philosophical roots and sources of inspiration - the ideas, personalities). The core of thesis analyzes the ethical content and the development of the main ideas New Year's speeches, as well as their contribution to value creation on the road to moral autonomy and a more mature political culture. From the perspective of a new relation and in the context of the former regime, the last chapter reflects on Havel's considerations of ethical topics that are necessary for meaningful functioning of person in society with regard to civil and political ethos. Keywords Vaclav Havel, New Year`s speeches, ethics, political ethics, truth, love, conscience, liberty, responsibility, morals, morality, values, democracy, totality, civil courage.
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Moral Topics in the First Fifty Years of the Journal of the Catholic Clergy
Bušek, Ladislav ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The thesis "The moral issue in the first fifty years of the Journal of the Catholic clergy" briefly presents the social and religious situation of the Czech Lands in the Austrian Empire. During this period the Czech national movement was being completed: a form of emancipation of the modern Czech civil society from the old feudal structures Estates (Chapter 1). What was happening in the Church at that time has been associated with the pontificate of Pope Pius IX ., who defended consistency in the deposit of faith, in keeping with the spirit of novoscholastika (Chapter 2). The Czech consciousness of its own nationalism was in a state of awakening and this framework naturally suited the Magazine Catholic Clergy (Chapter 3). The main contributors were the Czech theologians and parsons (Chapter 4). Authors in the Catholic Clergy responded very plainly, clearly and pointedly, especially to the socio - political events happening in the Austrian Empire and near Europe at the time. The question is, why they did not react similarly in connection to the events taking place in the Church. In those cases when they did respond, the content of the articles, merely stated the problem rather than reflect upon it (Chapter 5). In addition to the characteristics of the period, this work provides a first attempt at a...
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Euthanasia. Arguments for and against its Legal Acceptance
Hlavička, Jiří ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis "Euthanasia. Arguments for and against legalising euthanasia" is dedicated to the subject of voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide. The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of the most common opinions and assertions, which are used in arguing for legalising euthanasia in the Czech Republic. The introduction briefly introduces the terminology, explains the basic concepts and tries to debunk some inaccuracies that are connected with this theme. In the following text, examples from several countries that have developed approaches to legalize euthanasia in the past are presented, and differences in the laws are explained. This section is linked with the theological, philosophical and bioethical views on euthanasia. The final and crucial part of the thesis presents the various arguments which lead supporters and opponents of legalization in various debates, in the media and in the scientific literature. Keywords euthanasia, assisted suicide, legality of euthanasia, merciful death, slippery slope, autonomy, argumentation
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Moral aspects of human cloning in the light of Christian ethics
Havelka, Ondřej ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Lorman, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis "The moral aspects of human cloning in the light of Christian ethics" deals with the assessment of cloning human beings from the point of view of moral theology. It is now clear that human cloning is technically possible and the number of attempts of this kind is still increasing in the world. Cloning is a very timely and dynamically evolving topic. Nowadays biology in this business is a few steps further before the law and ethical rethinking and grasping the topic. This thesis provides a summary overview of the current technical conditions of cloning, insight into the history of the issue, as well as the world's legislation, which appears to be inconsistent, and the current state of the debate on the ethical plane. It deals with the opinions of experts from the rank of moral theologians, bio ethicists and biologists, which compare and think them over. This work brings fundamental arguments of the proponents and opponents of cloning human beings and some fundamental approaches to this issue. Besides that it develops individual ethical issues and their consequences for the practice of cloning. The key question permeating the whole work deals with the problem whether the cloning of human beings is compatible with the doctrine of moral theology and Christian understanding of man. In...
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Marriage and divorce in the Czech Republic in light of present morality
Zemanová, Lydie ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Sládek, Karel (referee)
The work draws a comparison between different views on marriage and divorce (e.g. from the perspective of the Catholic Church, profane view, the legal system of the Czech Republic). The aim of the study is to compare convictions and development of views on marriage and divorce in contemporary society. The work observes the release of morals under the influence of television and commercials. A question, whether art reflects the reality of people's lives, or determines them, also needs to be asked. Further, it examines if current people are able to think critically and looks at people's motivation. Other question is, how hard it may be to do a right thing when major society became reconciled to wrong. The issues will be answered in questionnaires. It is necessary to note though that the work is not binding as the research does not include a sufficient amount of questionnaires. In the work, the released sexuality and reasons for being "single" will be investigated. Using statistics we will try to predict the future course and to analyse natural and sacramental values of marriage, double indissolubility and unity, the relationship of marriage and society. Keywords: marriage, divorce, sexuality, theology, morals, canon law, family
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Human Cloning and Value of Humanity in the View of the Theogical Ethics and Ethics of Responsibility
Kašpaříková, Jana ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee)
The final thesis "Human Cloning and Value of Humanity in the View of Theological Ethics and Ethic of Responsibility" discusses the ethical context of human cloning. It pertains to the issue of the moral legitimacy of reproductive and therapeutic human cloning. Both these methods are connected to the utilization of human embryos. Are men authorized to manipulate human embryos in this way and is it a responsible action in the long term? This thesis aims to answer these questions including respect for the dignity of human life and its preservation.The thesis presents important inventions for biomedicine, and in this context tries to gain a glimpse of an image of contemporary man, interprets relevant legislation and discussion on the status of the embryo. The basis of theological ethics is the base of an ethical thinking which is emphasized by the assumption of responsibility for the life of future generations. Keywords Human cloning, human being, the status of human embryo, ethics, theology, responsibility
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Middle-Age Crisis: Psychological and Spiritual Guide
Klimeš, Václav ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The thesis "Middle-Age Crisis: Psychological and Spiritual Guide" contains a synthesis of knowledge about middle-age crisis from the interdisciplinary point of view of psychology and spiritual theology in its first part. The fundamental opinion declares that middle-age crisis is not something to be suffered through but, in spite of all its demands, it is an opportunity and challenge for fuller and more authentic life, for maturation of a man and for getting closer to oneself and to God. In the second part of the thesis, knowledge and procedures of psychotherapy, crisis intervention and pastoral theology are used to concretize and extend the conclusions of the first part in a more practical way; hence, the paper can be used as a guide for those who are undergoing this period of life or those who want to accompany someone else on this way. The thesis is intended primarily, but not exclusively, to Christians who lack education in the psychosocial area and who is middle-age crisis a personal topic of themselves or of people around them for-be it their relatives or friends, or, in case of pastoral workers, clients in their professional care. This work is rather singular in the Czech language due to its conception, scope and synthesis of the starting points as well as their elaboration. Keywords middle...
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Paliative Care in the Czech Republic. Comparism of the Church and non-Church Establishments
Fajstavrová, Elena ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee)
FAJSTAVROVÁ, Elena. Palliative care in the Czech Republic. Comparison between church based and non-church based care institutes. The diploma thesis focuses on the palliative care in the Czech Republic, on the comparison between the church based and non-church based institutes. The thesis carries out a research in six different institutes providing a palliative care. Based on interviews with doctors, spirituals and patient the institutes provide answers to main research topics of the thesis. By analysis of the interviews the care in different types of institutes and also in the particular institutes is examined and compared. The final part of the thesis summarizes the research with a study of ethical issues in dying. The diploma thesis provides examples in theory and practise of end of life care. The thesis can be used as a source of information for those looking for a palliative care.
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The limits of freedom of research or man the lord of his evolution?
Mašková, Hedvika ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee)
Limits of scientific research freedom or is a human being the master of his evolution? The possibility of therapeutic cloning arises a lot of ethical problems. There is an ill, suffering person on the one hand and there is the possibility of granting the personal status to the embryo on the other hand. Not everything the person can do, he also shall do. My work particularly deals with the meaning of the term embryo, whether an embryo is a human being with his human rights or not. It is also focused on the legal status of embryo in the Czech Republic and other countries, as well. The second part of my work points out to the other possibilities leading of treatment without the using of embryotic cells. Keywords Therapeutic cloning, the term person, bioethics, ontological personalism, empiric functionalism, gradualism, eugenics, xenotransplantation
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Marriage and its moral aspects
Nevečeřalová, Anna ; Lorman, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The purpose of diploma thesis 'Marriage and its moral aspects' is to enquire whether marriage represents a better form of relationship than cohabitation and whether there are any particular values or moral good related to marriage. The dissertation abstains from purely theological arguments. Marriage is apprehended in terms of the west society; it is defined as a permanent, monogamous bond between man and woman that is formally founded and that changes the social status of its members (Chapter 1). The thesis provides analysis of each of the essentials of marriage; it examines their foundation and identifies differences between marriage and cohabitation. Subsequently it enquires the moral significance of these differences for human life as well as for society (Chapter 2). Particular conclusions of Chapter 2 are synthesised within the discourse on the double nature of marriage - legal institution and relationship (Chapter 3). Through comparison of the institutional and the contractual theory of marriage, the thesis elucidates the adequate legal concept of marriage which seems to be the institution. While they are both relationships in their nature, marriage differs from cohabitation in its institutional structure. The apology of marriage is therefore based on this structure propping itself upon...
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