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Possibilities of primary prevention of colorectal cancer in terms of nutrition
Stárková, Klára ; Holcátová, Ivana (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
This diploma thesis is devoted to the possibilities of primary prevention of colorectal cancer from the point of view of nutrition. Although the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have been decreasing in the Czech Republic in recent years, it is still one of the most common cancers. It is a cancer, the occurrence of which can be influenced up to 50 % by a healthy lifestyle. The theoretical part is devoted to the latest findings in the field of influencing factors, although some have not yet been sufficiently explored. Processed meat, frequent modification of the diet by grilling, frying or baking (especially red meat and processed meat), overweight and obesity, regular alcohol consumption and smoking are identified as proven carcinogens. On the contrary, the protective factors are sufficient dietary fibre intake, sufficient physical activity and probably sufficient consumption of fish, milk and milk products, fruits and vegetables. In the practical part, two groups were examined - people aged 18-50 and patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Both groups were asked about eating habits, lifestyle factors and information about the possibilities of primary prevention of colorectal cancer. The assumption was that people aged 18-50 eat less risky and are better informed than patients...
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Dairy products in human nutrition, labelling according to czech legislation; consumer information and preferences
Dovolová, Barbora ; Kudlová, Eva (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis evaluates the dairy products labelling in the Czech Republic based on the requirements of the Czech legislation. It also pursues consumer's taste preferences, their interest and awareness of the dairy products labelling. The theoretical section mentions the history of dairying and the importance of milk products in human nutrition. The following chapters present individual dairy products and it described their production, labeling and division into kinds. The practical section reveals that the dairy products are labeled in accordance with the Czech legislation. The results are presented in the form of photos and tables (mini photobook). This part also examines whether the adult people interest in the dairy product labeling, how to orient in a range of dairy products and which products they prefer. The product evaluation was carried out in two big stores in Jablonec nad Nisou by using photographs. It was found that majority of companies indicates their milk products correctly. Identified deviations were discovered in the labelling of nutrition declaration or allergens. This is a relatively new requirements but very important. The questionnaire was found that 68 percent of people read informations on dairy products voluntarily. Most of the respondents consume especially milk, yoghurts and...
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Food intake of young children
Schimperková, Barbora ; Kudlová, Eva (advisor) ; Urbanová, Zuzana (referee)
Introduction: Early childhood is a critical phase for shaping basic eating behaviors and food preferences that impact an individual long-term physical and mental condition. A little child takes over eating habits from his or her parents and their improvement later in life is difficult. Methods: An analysis of eating habits of Czech children aged 12-23 months. The data was obtained in a cross-sectional retrospective questionnaire study. The questionnaires were completed by children's mothers addressed in public places. Results: Almost a quarter (24.4%) of mothers still breast-fed a child after his or her first year of life and the toddlers were fed at average 4.3 times a day. The average age of child when his or her mother stopped its breast-feeding was 8.5 months. The most frequent reason of weaning the child was a paucity or loss of breast milk. More than third (38.5%) of children received the non-milk fluids before the end of the 6th month. And approximately one-third (27.8%) of children obtained the non-milk food before the end of the 6th month. Toddlers got the meals at average 5.3 times a day. Most (83.3%) of mothers had no difficulties with children's feeding. The most frequent eating problem was pickiness. In 28.0% of families the parents let the TV turned on during the mealtime and 58.3% of...
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Dietary salt intake in preschool-aged children
Prchalová, Hana ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
Dietary salt intake in preschool-aged children Abstract This work is devoted to the intake of table salt in preschool children. Although salt has an irreplaceable role in the human organism, the human population is currently struggling with its excess in diet, which can lead to complications in patiens with arterial hypertension or other chronic diseases. Since the habit to salty taste is learned, it is advisable to reduce salt intake from childhood. The aim of this work was to find out how much table salt is taken by children of preschool age and what foods are its main source. The research involved 3 kindergartens, whose main cooks wrote down the amount of salt used in cooking for 10 days, another source of information about salt in food was menus and stock picking lists from which it was possible to find out how much salt did children in kindergarten take. The second research subject was 10 children whose parents wrote down exact amount of food and salt added to meals for 1 week. Subsequently, the results were entered into graphs and evaluated.The research shows that children consume almost 3 times more salt at home than in the case of all-day meals in kindergarten. The main source of salt in the home environment and in kindergartens are bakery products, despote the reformulations are taking place, there...
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Nutrition value of "Protein" labeled food
Knížková, Šárka ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of increased demand for foods with a high protein content on their packaging. The theoretical part describes the role of proteins in the body, their biological value, and it also names suitable sources of protein for the human body, including the protein content of common foods. There is a particular chapter dedicated to sportspeople and protein supplements. The requirements of the Czech legislation on food with a statement concerning proteins or the name protein itself are given at the end of the theoretical part. The bachelor's thesis aimed to find out the exact offer of foods with the protein label or with a claim related to proteins, evaluate these foods, and determine the awareness of such labelled foods in the general population. The practical part first deals with foods labelled with protein or claims about proteins freely available in the most standard supermarkets. The survey was conducted by visiting the six closest supermarkets while listing all foods with some protein claims. A total of 363 pieces were recorded. Furthermore, the most visited supermarket was evaluated with the help of registered sales and foods with the protein label found in this particular supermarket were analysed. The amount of protein of each food was commented on, and the...
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Nutrition in noncommunicable diseases prevention
Krejčová, Lucie ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the possibility of prevention of diseases of civilization from the point of view of nutrition; mainly the relationship between the quality of food consumed and these diseases. The theoretical part briefly describes selected diseases and risk factors involved in their origin, prevention, nutrition as one of the main determinants of health, ultra processed foods and their impact on health. The practical part works with several hypotheses that relate to interest and knowledge about the composition of food and possible risks associated with their consumption. It also summarizes the findings of the questionnaire survey, which, according to the hypotheses, was focused on knowledge of nutritional recommendations, awareness of diseases of civilization and consumer preferences in the purchase and consumption of food. Key words: prevention, nutrition, ultra processed food, quality of food, noncommunicable diseases
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The importance of fish in human nutrition and prevention of cardivascular diseases
Škrletová, Štěpánka ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
Fish are a perfect source of high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals which are also easily digestible. Sea fish contain considerable amount of Iodine and unsaturated omega-3 acids. Unfortunately, we in Czech Republic are substantially under average in fish meat consumption compared to EU. Consumption of fish meat can prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and therefore there is a recommendation to regularly consumption fish meat thanks to their favourable influences. In theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is a comprehensive overview of the information about the importance of fish meat, description of its structure, utility, consumption and potential risks. Practical part is focused on research. For evaluation of the state of consumption and level of awareness was used survey. After the results were processed, it was found that 76 % of responders is consuming fish meat and 15% of responders is more likely not to consume it. It has also been found, that the responders are mostly informed about the nutritional values of fish meat. Key words: Fish meat, omega-3, consumption, KVO, nutrition
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Selection of meat and meat products
Staňková, Helena ; Kudlová, Eva (advisor) ; Bušová, Milena (referee)
Meat and processed meat belong to the most discussed topic regarding an impact on human health. In 2016 IARC classified processed meat as a carcinogenic to humans class 1 and red meat as an probably carcinogenic to humans class 2A. Nowadays, there is a wide offer of processed meat, therefore it is necessary to choose thoroughly. The aim of this thesis was to provide a research of a nutrition composition of meat and processed meat regarding an impact of consumption on human health particulary in connection with IARC classification and put information into a context of dietary guidelines. Results showed that studies regarding the consumption of meat and processed meat and the possible impact on human health vary and the results are often contradictory. Moreover, the studies discussing a negative impact of meat consumption on human health are not metodologically consistent. Consequently, those facts make the view on the discussed issue way more unclear. This thesis also contains a frequency questionnaire designed for students of colleges in Prague. Accordingly, the aim of the practical part was to find out a frequency of consumption of food mentioned above along with an ascertainment of preferences of selection. The results showed that the majority of respondents chooses processed meat according to the quality...
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Dairy products in human nutrition, labelling according to czech legislation; consumer information and preferences
Dovolová, Barbora ; Kudlová, Eva (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis evaluates the dairy products labelling in the Czech Republic based on the requirements of the Czech legislation. It also pursues consumer's taste preferences, their interest and awareness of the dairy products labelling. The theoretical section mentions the history of dairying and the importance of milk products in human nutrition. The following chapters present individual dairy products and it described their production, labeling and division into kinds. The practical section reveals that the dairy products are labeled in accordance with the Czech legislation. The results are presented in the form of photos and tables (mini photobook). This part also examines whether the adult people interest in the dairy product labeling, how to orient in a range of dairy products and which products they prefer. The product evaluation was carried out in two big stores in Jablonec nad Nisou by using photographs. It was found that majority of companies indicates their milk products correctly. Identified deviations were discovered in the labelling of nutrition declaration or allergens. This is a relatively new requirements but very important. The questionnaire was found that 68 percent of people read informations on dairy products voluntarily. Most of the respondents consume especially milk, yoghurts and...
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Childhood obesity - the epidemiological study
Mádlová, Markéta ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Kudlová, Eva (referee)
Obesity is considered to be one of the diseases related to the change in the lifestyle, leading to increased incidence of myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other diseases. Due to the progressively increasing prevalence of obesity in adulthood, prevention of obesity has to start in childhood and adolescent, in which also increase in prevalence of obesity was found. Actual prevalence of overweight and obesity was tested in this thesis by different standards (5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC) in Czech children population in age of 6.5 - 7.5 years in 2013. Its trend since 1951 was evaluated. Since 2008 maintaining of the values in all categories at the constant level was found. The role of risk factors assessed by personal, family and school questionnaires in overweight prevalence was tested. The most important factors were diet, exercise and family factors. Increased weight/height ratio (WHtR) marker of adipose tissue was found in the category of normal weight children also and it shows the link with above-mentioned risk factors of diet, exercise and family prediction. Key words Obesity, Overweight, Prevalence, Childhood, BMI, 5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC, COSI, WHtR, Waist circumference, Risk factors
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