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Biocentres and biocorridors in agricultural landscape - importance for communities of epigeic beetles (\kur{Coleoptera})
KREJČA, Mikoláš
At four different locations in southern Bohemia in Písek region there were monitored communities of epigeic beetles. Locations occurred in the agricultural landscape, which is influenced by human activities. One of the sites was spruces monoculture about 60 years old, other locations were meadow, waterlogged meadow and wheat field. Locations had biocentres and agrocenosis function. Pitfall traps method was used to obtain samples of epigeic beetles. In total, 2268 samples of epigeic beetles were obtained (12 families and 56 species). The largest number of beetles was found at locations wheat field, waterlogged meadow and forest, and in a number of 656 individuals in waterlogged meadow 634 individuals in the field and 583 individuals in the woods. The smallest number of 395 individuals was found in the meadow. Sorting of beetles was done according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts (relict species R1, adaptive species R2 and eurytopic species E). On the surveyed locations only adaptive (R2) and eurytopic (E) species were discovered. Relict species (R1) were not present. Adaptable (R2) species were found 20 in the surveyed areas and eurytopic (E) 36 species. Anthropogenic influence index of epigeic beetles communities came in low figures. Low value tells us that beetle communities are strongly influenced by human activities. The most influenced locations were wheat field (1,11) and meadows (1,27) and the least affected area was the forest (20,42). Waterlogged meadows was also strongly influenced in a anthropogenic way, but it was better than a meadow and wheat field (2,29).
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Hydrologic extremes and gross primary productivity in the Liz catchment
Šír, Miloslav ; Tesař, Miroslav ; Lichner, Ľ. ; Váchala, J. ; Krejča, M.
The synergy between hydrologic extremes, plant transpiration, gross primary productivity, and soil water retention was studied in the experimental area Zábrod – meadow in the Bohemian Forest. Heat balance, potential and actual transpiration, entropy production and gross primary productivity were evaluated. It was found that the soil water retention is the crucial factor determining hydrologic pattern and gross primary productivity. Insufficient soil water retention leads to small entropy production by evaporation and small gross primary productivity, which results in the extremalization of the hydrologic cycle. On the other hand, in the case of sufficient soil water retention, high entropy production by transpiration and high gross primary productivity leads to the stability of the hydrologic cycle.
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Dynamika půdní vody na Šumavě a v Krkonoších v srpnu 2002
Tesař, Miroslav ; Krejča, M. ; Polívka, Jiří ; Šír, Miloslav
The soil water movement during extreme rain is analysed in the Doupě and Kout catchment (Šumava Mts, Southern Bohemia) and in the Modrý Důl catchment (Krkonoše Mts., Northern Bohemia). Two cyclones, which moved from Hungary to Poland, caused extreme rainfall and subsequent extreme runoff in August, 2002. Precipitation, air and soil temperature, and tensiometric pressure were recorded in catchments. The analysis showed that the huge rain amount in August 2002 exceeded the retention capacity of the catchment covered by mature spruce forest and dwarf pine forest (Modrý Důl), dead forest and herb undergrowth (Kout), clearing covered by herbs (Doupě). It means that the plant cover played a negligible role in the runoff generation. The soil cover was not able to prevent the country from catastrophic runoff because its retention capacity is rather low (60 – 90 mm).
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The Possibilities regional development of the marginal area Bohemia forest
Váchal, J. ; Pártlová, P. ; Váchalová, R. ; Koupilová, M. ; Moravcová, J. ; Krejča, M. ; Šír, Miloslav
Within the region of South Bohemia, 49.3 % of the total area is farmland utilized by agriculture; 60 % of this area belong to LFA category. The basic target of regional development is defined as sustainable development of the production and non-production functions of agriculture in compliance with social-economic aspects and the regional policy of the Czech Republic. The necessity to maintain agriculture in these areas is based on the principles of current European agricultural policy whose priorities are production methods aimed at preserving the environment and the landscape. Both foreign and our own experience indicates that the retreat of farming from the landscape means its gradual devastation affecting the natural, production, economic, architectural as well as social and cultural spheres, and, last but not least, the ecological situation.
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Multifunctional agriculture – means to development of the non-production function in the landscape
Váchal, J. ; Pártlová, P. ; Váchalová, R. ; Koupilová, M. ; Moravcová, J. ; Krejča, M. ; Šír, Miloslav
The current position of the agricultural sector in the national-economic system does not correspond with the real needs of the modern society in the 21st century. This situation is felt in the most intensive way in the marginal fields, where further existence of agriculture is based on its coexistence with nature protection subject to economic interests, which are more important than the nature protection. Reasonable agricultural use of landscape on the basis of the multifunctional agriculture with parallel harmonisation of production and non-production functions can be very favourable for the landscape in many aspects. Economic effectiveness of this kind of system is negative and therefore it is necessary to support it by the State. Approaches of the society to this solution are primary and invincibly positive.
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EAFRD, Záměr výstavby bioplynové stanice
Dvořáková, Zdeňka ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor) ; Krejča, Marek (referee)
Diplomová práce obsahuje informace o přínosech a perspektivách bioplynových stanic v zemědělství. Zprostředkovává čtenářům údaje o možnostech realizace výstaveb bioplynových stanic za spoluúčasti EU, přibližuje proces žádosti o dotaci v rámci Programu rozvoje venkova ČR pro období 2007 -2013, prokazuje ekonomickou efektivnost těchto projektů a poskytuje návod pro vypracování projektu jako klíčové obligatorní přílohy žádosti o dotaci.
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