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Composition of body fluids in women during pregnancy
Bardová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate the amount of body fluids of pregnant women during pregnancy and its link with other monitored parameters. The Bioimpedance spectroscopy method used the Body Composition Monitor from Fresenius Medical Care in order to collect data on body fluid status in ten pregnant women enrolled in a longitudinal clinical study conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. The device measured bioimpedance on 50 frequencies in the range from 5 KHz to 1000 KHz and all women underwent a total of three examinations in specified periods (week 17-27, 28-35 and 36-38 week of pregnancy). During each measurement, main focus was compliance with standard conditions and correct execution. During the study period, statistically significant changes in body fluid volumes were observed in women. The median total body water (TBW) volume increased by 3.8 l, the median extracellular water (ECW) volume by 1.4 l and the median intracellular water (ICW) volume increased by 2.3 l. The increase in body fluids was accompanied by a decrease in resistance values. Decrease in values during pregnancy was also shown in the overhydration parameter. Spearman's correlation...
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The resting energy need in pregnant women
Volavka, Pavel ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of pregnant women using indirect calorimetry. Find connections with other monitored parameters and compare the result with similar studies. Methods The resting energy expenditure was calculated by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry was performer under a canopy at rest in bed, without disturbing elements, and after 12hours of fasting. The study involved 10 healthy pregnant women. The measurements during pregnancy were taken three times (21.-27., 31.-32., 36.-37. week). Results We found that resting energy expenditure increased with the length of pregnancy. The median of the REE on each examination was on the first measurement 1412 kcal/day, on the second measurement 1697 kcal/day, and the last measurement 1902 kcal/day. We found a statistically significant correlation of REE with body weight and REE with fat-free mass (FFM). Conclusion Pregnancy is a difficult process with many changes in a women's body. The study confirmed an increase of the REE with a maximum at the end of pregnancy. The results show that the estimated values of the REE and the measured values of the REE were different. Key words: Resting energy need, Pregnancy
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Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women
Kočvarová, Martina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department od Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martina Kočvarová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women Background The aim of the thesis is evaluation of the variances in spirometric parameters (both their absolute values and relative in percentage of the predicted value) at different stages of pregnancy and determination the factors related to these changes. Methods The values of spirometric parameters were detected by measurement using the spirometer Otthon and then evaluated by software Thorsoft. Spirometric measurement is a non-invasive and simple measurement of lung function. In the study involving 10 pregnant women, the spirometric measurements were performed three times at different stages of pregnancy. The first measurement was in the 20th - 27th, the second in the 29th - 35th and the third in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy. Results We observed significant difference of peak expiratory flow in percentage of the predicted value, namely the decrease of 7 % during measurement in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy compared to the values from measurement in the 29th - 35th week of pregnancy. Other monitored parameters did not...
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The influence of physical activity on body composition parameters of pregnant and lactating women
Skoncová, Damiána ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Damiána Skoncová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: The influence of physical activity on body parameters of pregnant and lactating women The main target of my diploma was to compare body composition parameters of women in pregnancy and in the lactation. Then, after all these findings determine the impact of physical activity to body composition parameters which we measured by bioimpedance analysis. Data about physical activity we obtained by questionnaire from women before every measurement. Study attended 10 pregnant primiparous women, who have a physiological pregnancy. Study continued in the lactation. Overall we did 8 examinations - 2 examinations in period of gravidity, this were followed by examination on the day of birth, next one on day after birth and last 4 examinations in period of lactation. Body composition parameters were determined on devices, which work on basis of bioimpedance analysis. This method evaluates body composition via weak electric current, which passes through body during measurement. Different tissues show different resistance toward this weak current. Bioimpedance analysis turned out to be as fast,...
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Composition of body fluids in women during pregnancy
Bardová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate the amount of body fluids of pregnant women during pregnancy and its link with other monitored parameters. The Bioimpedance spectroscopy method used the Body Composition Monitor from Fresenius Medical Care in order to collect data on body fluid status in ten pregnant women enrolled in a longitudinal clinical study conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. The device measured bioimpedance on 50 frequencies in the range from 5 KHz to 1000 KHz and all women underwent a total of three examinations in specified periods (week 17-27, 28-35 and 36-38 week of pregnancy). During each measurement, main focus was compliance with standard conditions and correct execution. During the study period, statistically significant changes in body fluid volumes were observed in women. The median total body water (TBW) volume increased by 3.8 l, the median extracellular water (ECW) volume by 1.4 l and the median intracellular water (ICW) volume increased by 2.3 l. The increase in body fluids was accompanied by a decrease in resistance values. Decrease in values during pregnancy was also shown in the overhydration parameter. Spearman's correlation...
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Optimization of culture conditions for a bacterial biofilm formation
Rošková, Veronika ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Author: Bc. Veronika Rošková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Consultant: Mgr. Michaela Hympánová Title: Optimalisation of growth conditions for bacterial biofilm forming Diploma Thesis Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Introduction: Biofilm is the most stable living form of bacteria. Bacteria are changing their physiology during the process of biofilm formation, so they are becoming more protected from the environmental factors. This protection leads to higher survivability in hostile conditions and higher resistance against chemical or mechanical treatment. One of the most common bacteria with the ability to produce biofilm and which causes persistent infections is Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Objectives: The diploma thesis has its aim at comparing biofilm growth of S. aureus and his methicillin-resistant variant under different conditions. We observed biofilm formation in three different broths with different level of nutrition, three different types of surfaces and two different times of incubation. Methods: The microplate AlamarBlue (AB) assay was used for quantification of biofilm formation. AB is a redox indicator, which changes its colour when it is metabolised by bacteria. The colour change was observed spectrophotometrically, and...
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The resting energy need in pregnant women
Volavka, Pavel ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of pregnant women using indirect calorimetry. Find connections with other monitored parameters and compare the result with similar studies. Methods The resting energy expenditure was calculated by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry was performer under a canopy at rest in bed, without disturbing elements, and after 12hours of fasting. The study involved 10 healthy pregnant women. The measurements during pregnancy were taken three times (21.-27., 31.-32., 36.-37. week). Results We found that resting energy expenditure increased with the length of pregnancy. The median of the REE on each examination was on the first measurement 1412 kcal/day, on the second measurement 1697 kcal/day, and the last measurement 1902 kcal/day. We found a statistically significant correlation of REE with body weight and REE with fat-free mass (FFM). Conclusion Pregnancy is a difficult process with many changes in a women's body. The study confirmed an increase of the REE with a maximum at the end of pregnancy. The results show that the estimated values of the REE and the measured values of the REE were different. Key words: Resting energy need, Pregnancy
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Mediterranean diet and prevention of diseases.
Vlasopoulou, Anastasia ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a well-known worldwide diet and is followed by many people. The fundamental reason is that the actual ingredients and the quantity of them used in this diet have been shown to help in the prevention of diseases. Everyday consumption of olive oil, vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, combined with the frequent intake of fish, dairy products, and controlled consumption of red meat and eggs have been associated with a substantial decrease in the incidence of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This has also been proven by either each component consumed acting individually or all the ingredients acting together, complimenting each other's influence. The MD seems to have occupied the scientific community a lot since it is proposed as the primary prevention against various diseases, especially heart diseases and their risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This paper (DT) analyzes the different types of food included in the Mediterranean pyramid, their effects on health, and the evidence that confirms the above assumption.
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Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of pregnant women
Hanzalíková, Nikola ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Nikola Hanzalíková Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of muscle strength and endurance of pregnant women The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the parameters of muscle strength and endurance on the upper and lower limbs change at different stages of pregnancy. Another goal is to find out whether these parameters are related to the parameters of childbirth. 10 women aged 24 - 36 were chosen for this master thesis and all were first-borns. Each woman was examined three times during pregnancy. They underwent the first examinations during the 20th-27th week of pregnancy (G1), the second between 28 and 35 weeks (G2) and the third examination between 36 and 38 weeks of pregnancy (G3). Muscle strength and endurance were measured using a digital pinch / grip analyzer and a digital myometer. Maximum muscle strength was measured and subsequently muscle endurance at both upper and lower limbs. We found a statistically significant increase in the target time values expressed as a percentage, in periods G2 (by 9 %) and G3 (by 5 %) compared to period G1 on the right hand and a decrease in maximum force on the left hand by 15 - 20 %...
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