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Personal Income Tax Optimization
Knotek, Petr ; Otáhal, Stanislav (referee) ; Kopřiva, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on optimizing the tax liability of a selected natural person. In the theoretical part are explained the basic concepts in the field of personal income taxes, which are needed for calculation of personal income tax as well as the issue of social and health insurance. The analytical part will introduce the entity whose tax liability will be optimized. The practical part contains recommendations for tax optimization.
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Green coenobial algae of the family Hydrodictyaceae, their phenotypic plasticity and use in ecology and paleoecology
Zavadilová, Kateřina ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor) ; Knotek, Petr (referee)
Algae of the family Hydrodictyaceae attract our attention because of their unusual appearance. They belong to the order Sphaeropleales in the class Chlorophyceae. This family includes the coenobial algae, traditionally classified into the genus Pediastrum, which has recently been split into multiple genera based on the phylogenetic analyses. They are typically found in eutrophicated rivers, lakes and ponds. They form characteristic oval-shaped coenobia that may resemble tiny stars in their appearance. Their shape and size may be influenced by environmental factors such as pH or nutrients. Geometric morphometrics can also be helpful in detecting morphological variation or in refining the phylogenetic tree. The outer layer of the cell wall contains the polymer algaenan. Since algaenan is acid resistent, the cell wall remnants are preserved in the sediment. These cell wall remnants are found mainly in Tertiary freshwater sediments and their occurrence serves mainly as an indicator of eutrophicated conditions, for example in the context of anthropogenic eutrophication of lakes. The cell wall remnants could also be used for palaeolimnologic reconstruction. The thesis presented studies regarding their ekology, morphology, and associated phenotypic plasticity, and studies regarding their palaeobiological...
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Application of blockchain technology and smart contacts in IoT
KNOTEK, Petr
This thesis focuses on the use of blockchain and smart contract technology in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). The thesis aimed to map different blockchain and smart contract technologies, select the most suitable ones and create an application that works with IoT devices. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain technology, smart contracts and the Internet of Things. The thesis explores individual technologies such as blockchain platforms supporting smart contracts or smart contract applications for data transfer through IoT networks. The analysis of different blockchain platforms allowed us to choose the most suitable one for the development of our application, which was Ethereum. Solidity became our programming language for smart contracts because of its compatibility with Ethereum. The practical part of the thesis starts with a brief description of the decision on the purpose, what the application will focus on and what technology will be chosen to develop our application. Within this description, we will focus on what tools will be needed for our development and the functioning of the application itself, and finally the solution of the application's architecture itself. In the second half of the practical part, we focus on the actual programming of the different parts of our application such as the smart contract or its test suite through frameworks. And lastly, the web application itself is written in HTML, CSS, and JS, which ties all these parts together. The proposed application should replace the centralized voting system, which has faced a lot of fraud in the past and is not met with the best criticism. Our app enables decentralized elections that are secured by blockchain and smart contract technologies specifically, which gives us confidence in its immutability and the IoT network gives it the ability to maximize its reach in terms of usage. Testing of the app has demonstrated its functionality and security and connectivity with IoT devices. The app has met all its expectations, although there is room for improvement.
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Development of departmental websites using a content management system
KNOTEK, Petr
The bachelor's thesis deals with the development of a website for the Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The first part is designed to explore current trends connected to web design. It shows a general overview of the development of programming languages through time. The practical part of the thesis shows the development of a modern website for the Department of Applied Mathematics and Informatics with use of content management system. It shows a concrete design and whole process of developing with using PHP, CSS, JS. It also show finding a suitable content management system and the actual implementation of the selected content management system. At the end, it includes evaluation of usage the website in real environment.
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Pattern as a functional trait, case study on Mallomonas chrysophytes
Knotek, Petr ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Rychtecký, Pavel (referee)
The patterns that can be admired on the surface of many living creatures are also found in many microscopic organisms outside of the macroscopic world we are familiar with. However, their significance and function are yet little understood compared to those of the macroscopic world. In diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) and coccoliths (Haptophyceae), several hypotheses have already been developed concerning the function of their patterned shells. One hypothesis considers the shell as a photonic entity that could reflect UV radiation away from the cell. Others focus more on its mechanical properties, which are among the most impressive within biological structures. Silica-scaled chrysophytes (Synurales, Stramenopiles) also possess a complex shell (or scale-case). Cells are covered with scales (about 4 µm in size) that are very regularly arranged and form a siliceous scale-case on the surface. The pattern on the scales is species-specific and has undergone gradual modification during evolution. This work aims to assess whether the patterning of siliceous scales in the order Synurales can be considered a functional trait or it is a result of neutral evolution. To test the possible photonic properties of the patterned structures, a pair of growth experiments were performed. The experimental cultures were...
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Personal Income Tax Optimization
Knotek, Petr ; Otáhal, Stanislav (referee) ; Kopřiva, Jan (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on optimizing the tax liability of a selected natural person. In the theoretical part are explained the basic concepts in the field of personal income taxes, which are needed for calculation of personal income tax as well as the issue of social and health insurance. The analytical part will introduce the entity whose tax liability will be optimized. The practical part contains recommendations for tax optimization.
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Adaptation mechanisms to wide salinity gradient in algae; transitions between marine and freshwater environments in chrysophytes
Knotek, Petr ; Němcová, Yvonne (advisor) ; Pusztai, Martin (referee)
The transition from the marine to the freshwater environment and vice versa is a key event in the evolution of organisms. Although these transitions are relatively rare from an evolutionary point of view, most large groups of organisms have undergone this event at least once. The marine and freshwater environment differs in many aspects, especially salinity. During the transition between these two environments, the organisms are forced to overcome a significant salinity gradient and adapt to changes in the osmotic potential. However, biotic factors also play an important role, especially competition and predation in the new environment. The aim of the bachelor 's thesis is to provide comprehensive information on the mechanisms of adaptation to a wide gradient of salinity in algae in general and to focus on freshwater-marine transitions in chrysophytes, that occurred repeatedly and relatively frequently in the course of evolution. Key words: chrysophytes, Chrysophyceae, salinity gradient, osmoregulation, marine- freshwater transition
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