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Radicalization of the Greek Society and the Rise of Political Extremism in Greece (2000-2012)
Karasová, Nikola ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This essay describes the radicalization of the Greek society and the rise of the political extremism in Greece in the period of 2000-2012. In this time important changes could have been observed in the Greek political scene and in the society which were linked to the polarization of the electorate and the growth of populism, nationalism, euroscepticism, xenophobia and racism. As a result of modernizing efforts of Constantinos Simitis cabinet (1996-2004), which were related to the Greek ambition to become fully-fledged member of the EU and the Eurozone, under the influence of globalization, immigration crisis and finally the recent slump of the Greek economy, a new social conflict emerged in Greece. This essay analyzes these problems from the perspective of the cleavages theory by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan and tries to find social and political roots of such conflict. The radicalization of the Greek society between 2000 and 2012 does not represent a new phenomenon, but is is a continuation of long-term ideological clashes present in the Greek social reality since the World WarI. After identifying the main cleavages in interwar and postwar period the essay identifies the main conflict of Greece after the fall of junta in 1974. Afterwards it confronts the new political issues of the period 2000-2012...
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Parakratos in Post-Civil War Greece: Reality and Interpretation
Karasová, Nikola ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; van Steen, Gonda (referee) ; Brunnbauer, Ulf (referee)
Based on a historiographical, archival and media analysis, this doctoral thesis explores the phenomenon of parakratos (translated as deep state or parastate) in post-civil war Greece (1949-1967). Research perspectives are fourfold: Firstly, parakratos is discussed in the context of academic debates on parapolitics and the concepts of the dual state, the security state and the deep state; and presented as a Cold War parallel power mechanism, analogical to Italy and Turkey. Secondly, parakratos is analysed as part of domestic political reality through the prism of the historical events documented in Greek historiography. In this sense, the thesis concentrates on the emergence and operation of clandestine military groups and parastate ultra- nationalist organisations against the backdrop of the Greek political, legal and social environment. Both phenomena are elaborated on through the lens of the inefficient Greek political and administrative system, a deeply divided society, the politicisation of the public space, and the persistence of clientelist networks constructed upon political loyalties. Third, the parakratos is examined on an interpretative level as a term and concept employed in Greek historiography. Focusing on its presumed roots, actors, purposes and relations with the state, three...
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Children born of War Rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Postwar Discourse
Grossová, Veronika ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Karasová, Nikola (referee)
The main subject of the research is the social discourse about the ethnic identity of children born of rape during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992-1995. Acts of rape are considered to be part of the war tactics of major rivals (Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Army of Republika Srpska, and Croatian Defence Council) and paramilitary units. Forced fertilization and disallowance of abortion was carried out as an accompanying factor of ethnic cleansing. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has recognized these acts as war crimes. The main objective of the research is to pursue a cross- societal discussion on the issue of inheritance of identity in the case of children of war: first, through a discourse analysis of the media, which significantly contribute to the image of these children, and second, through the contribution of interviews conducted during the field research. The way in which the children born of war are depicted and perceived affects various aspects of their lives. The results of the project will contribute to the discussion of war crimes and their impact on contemporary Bosnian society.
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Czechoslovak policy towards the Greek minority between 1948-1968
Urban, Patrik ; Karasová, Nikola (advisor) ; Tůma, Oldřich (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the Czechoslovak policy towards the Greek minority between the years of 1948 and 1968. During and after the Greek Civil War thousands of Greek refugees, mostly sympathizers with the communist left, found shelter in Czechoslovakia. The Greek political emigration came to Czechoslovakia mainly between 1948 and 1950, when the country was still economically harmed by the Second World War. Czechoslovakia was also harmed demographically by huge transfers of population which had been made shortly before the arrival of Greek emigrants. The principal goal of this thesis is to answer the following questions: Why did Czechoslovakia hold variable approach towards Greek minority between 1948- 1968 and whether there were differences between officially proclaimed policy of Czechoslovakia (in the constitution and laws) and real approach towards the Greek minority.
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The Greek Migrants to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after 2009 as an example of the Brain Drain Phenomenon
Žaloudková, Klára ; Karasová, Nikola (advisor) ; Kocián, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on one of the possible form of human migration, and that is brain drain. This phenomenon is demonstrated by the case study on the migration of the young highly skilled Greeks from Greece to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after 2009. The main aim of this thesis is to examine the reasons for emigration of young highly skilled Greeks, and to investigate why they have chosen the UK as their destination. Firstly, the objective push and pull factors are identified by using the existing literature and the statistical data. Secondly, the subjective factors based on the qualitative research using semi-structural interviews conducted by the author of this thesis are introduced, and then compared to the objective ones. The key finding of this thesis is that young highly skilled Greeks had considered the possibility of their personal and professional development as the key determinant to decide whether to stay or to move abroad. The prospects for the personal and professional development are rather bleak in Greece, and thus they have moved to the UK where the prospect seem to be better.
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The impact of quantitative easing on fiscal restriction of Greece government
Šanda, Jan ; Young, Mitchell (advisor) ; Karasová, Nikola (referee)
This bachalor thesis deals with quantitative easing of the European central bank and its impact on fiscal restriction of Greece government. The analysis is divided into four main parts. The first one focuses on the EMU institutional framework, especially in relation to the fiscal policies of member states. The second chapter deals with European central bank and quantitative easing on general level and also in relation with the last economic crises. Third chapter examines the interaction between monetary and fiscal policy and the last chapter is devoted to the evaluation of Greece fiscal policy and the impact which quantitative easing may have on it. Results of this thesis suggest that quantitative easing have an impact on fiscal policies of EMU member states. However, taking current situation of Greece state financing into consideration, this is not the case in Greece.
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Radicalization of the Greek Society and the Rise of Political Extremism in Greece (2000-2012)
Karasová, Nikola ; Králová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mejstřík, Martin (referee)
This essay describes the radicalization of the Greek society and the rise of the political extremism in Greece in the period of 2000-2012. In this time important changes could have been observed in the Greek political scene and in the society which were linked to the polarization of the electorate and the growth of populism, nationalism, euroscepticism, xenophobia and racism. As a result of modernizing efforts of Constantinos Simitis cabinet (1996-2004), which were related to the Greek ambition to become fully-fledged member of the EU and the Eurozone, under the influence of globalization, immigration crisis and finally the recent slump of the Greek economy, a new social conflict emerged in Greece. This essay analyzes these problems from the perspective of the cleavages theory by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan and tries to find social and political roots of such conflict. The radicalization of the Greek society between 2000 and 2012 does not represent a new phenomenon, but is is a continuation of long-term ideological clashes present in the Greek social reality since the World WarI. After identifying the main cleavages in interwar and postwar period the essay identifies the main conflict of Greece after the fall of junta in 1974. Afterwards it confronts the new political issues of the period 2000-2012...
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