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The role of promyelocytic leukemia protein in genome maintenance
Kindlová, Martina ; Vašicová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a key component for the formation of the PML nuclear bodies (PML−NBs), nonmembrane organelles, in which PML forms a shell surrounding an inner core of this dynamic multiprotein complex. PML is a multifunctional protein that is able to interact with sumoylated proteins and sequestrate them to PML NBs which can work as storage for these proteins or as a platform for biochemical reactions. PML is known for its tumor- suppressive character. However, it can have oncogenic potential under certain conditions which suggests its contradictory role in cancer. PML NBs are highly dynamic structures that undergo structural changes due to the phase of the cell cycle which can physically interact with chromatin. PML NBs maintain genome stability by playing a role during important cellular processes which are regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair mechanisms, alternative telomere lengthening in cancer cells, or protection of the genome against viral DNA. PML itself can participate in genome maintenance. Concretely, its cytosolic isoform can have a role in inducing apoptosis. The purpose of this section is to provide information about how PML participates in genome stability maintenance and about the possible consequences of the failure of these mechanisms.
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The differences in the virome of different populations of honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Kadlečková, Dominika ; Tachezy, Ruth (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is major pollinator for agriculture and vital for food production. Large number of viruses infecting A. mellifera have been discovered over the years, but it isn't yet known if they are pathogenic for their host. However, presence of non-viral pathogens like Varroa destructor can greatly increase their virulence and have fatal consequences for the colony. The aim of this study was to test and verify robustness of the method for virome detection on healthy honey bees from the Czech Republic. Last but not least we aimed to detect non-viral parasites and correlate their presence with detected viruses. We have successfully identified large number of viral sequences from different viral families. Viral composition was found to be influenced mainly by colony from where the honey bees were collected. That was mainly given by a large amount of bacteriophages in the samples. However, analysis of individual viruses, known to infect honey bee, indicated that viral prevalence and viral loads of specific viruses is quite different among individual honey bees from the same colony. Interestingly we were able to find highly diverse Lake Sinai viruses. We were able to observe correlations either between individual viruses or viral other non-viral pathogens. Further analysis is...
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Interplay between small DNA viruses and the PML Nuclear Bodies
Lovtsov, Alexey ; Huerfano Meneses, Sandra (advisor) ; Kadlečková, Dominika (referee)
This work focuses on interactions between small DNA viruses and PML NBs. PML NBs are membrane- free nuclear bodies that contain, permanently or transiently, more than 170 proteins. The permanent ones include, e.g., the PML, Daxx, and Sp100 proteins. Many PML NB proteins are subjected to SUMOylation. In addition to functions in regulating apoptosis and gene expression, chromatin remodelling, and DNA damage responses, they are also involved in antiviral cell defence. On the other hand, viruses have developed strategies to thwart the restrictive effects of PML NBs, or even to misuse some of their components to support the infection. Apparently, PML NBs play a significant role in some viral infections, but models of such processes are still incomplete and sometimes controversial. Some adenovirus proteins interact with PML NB components to prevent the negative effects of PML NBs on transcription and replication. In contrast, papillomavirus genomes can be protected by PML NBs from degradation upon entry into the nucleus and during transcription. For polyomaviruses, both promoting and restriction functions have been published. In Chicken anaemia virus infection, the interaction of the viral apoptin and PML led to the induction of cell apoptosis, but the results were questioned. In patients with chronic...
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The differences in the virome of different populations of honey bee (Apis mellifera)
Kadlečková, Dominika ; Tachezy, Ruth (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is major pollinator for agriculture and vital for food production. Large number of viruses infecting A. mellifera have been discovered over the years, but it isn't yet known if they are pathogenic for their host. However, presence of non-viral pathogens like Varroa destructor can greatly increase their virulence and have fatal consequences for the colony. The aim of this study was to test and verify robustness of the method for virome detection on healthy honey bees from the Czech Republic. Last but not least we aimed to detect non-viral parasites and correlate their presence with detected viruses. We have successfully identified large number of viral sequences from different viral families. Viral composition was found to be influenced mainly by colony from where the honey bees were collected. That was mainly given by a large amount of bacteriophages in the samples. However, analysis of individual viruses, known to infect honey bee, indicated that viral prevalence and viral loads of specific viruses is quite different among individual honey bees from the same colony. Interestingly we were able to find highly diverse Lake Sinai viruses. We were able to observe correlations either between individual viruses or viral other non-viral pathogens. Further analysis is...
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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) virome
Kadlečková, Dominika ; Tachezy, Ruth (advisor) ; Rothová, Olga (referee)
Microbiome is composed of all microorganism (fungi, bacteria, archea, protozoa, virus) sharing the same space at the same time. Virome which consists of viruses either of the host or viruses of other microorganisms and of genetic elements derived from viruses, is part of the microbiome. Microbiome plays a role in a number of processes which are vital for development and survival of the host. Virome can affect host either directly or indirectly by interaction with other parts of microbiome. This thesis is focused on virome of Apis mellifera, globally managed pollinator. Viral diseases are one of the factors responsible for high colony losses of this pollinator and therefore this work is mostly dedicated to those viruses which were confirmed as pathogens of Apis mellifera. Also, their interaction with other pathogens of Apis mellifera, which leads to great losses of these pollinators will be discussed. Key words: virome, honey bee, Apis mellifera, honey bee viruses, colony losses
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