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Methods of removing persistant polutants (dioxins)
Ferdan, Tomáš ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Pařízek, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor‘s thesis deals with rise of dioxins in waste-to-energy system in municipal waste incinerator and with technologies for their removal. The thesis speaks commonly about characteristics of dioxins and about their influence on environment and health in the first part. Furthermore are outlined the ways of dioxins production and the emission limits for off-gas. The second part of the bachelor’s thesis includes description of commonly used methods for removing dioxins from off-gas. There are mentioned their main advantages, disadvantages and compared efficiency of individual methods.
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Absorption of ammonia from an operational accident in the ice stadium
Ryšková, Marie ; Gal, Pavel (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This thesis deals with ammonia absorption in case of cooling machine breakdown at ice pool. Thesis is divided into four chapters. Theoretical part is focused on different methods of cooling an ice rink inside a stadium. Two basic principles are mentioned, how ice rink is created and what refrigerant is used. In the next part are listed valid standards, according to which the operators of ice pools proceed or may proceed to ensure technical safety. Essentials of emergency plan and breakdown preventions are also mentioned. Primary theoretical part focuses on gas cleansing by absorption and its basic principle, which includes Fick's first law, following with introduction to different kinds of absorption machines and its principles. Last chapter is a practical one, in which is the elimination of leaked ammonia by ventilation method and more ecological way – ventilation method with absorber. This cleansing method issue is dealt with mathematically by calculating absorbed gas to liquid using software MathCad.
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Reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas on special catalysts
Vávra, Jan ; Krejčí, Tomáš (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on experimental reduction of nitrogen oxides on special catalysts. The latest and state-of-the-art flue gas cleaning technologies are used. Selective catalytic reduction results in the desired level of pollution. It is necessary to meet the prescribed emission limit. A ceramic honeycomb filter based on vanadium and titanium is used as the catalyst. The entire measurement is carried out on the experimental INTEQ II unit, which is installed in the flue gas cleaning laboratory at NETME Center. It is shown which operating parameters achieve better efficiency of flue gas cleaning. Comparison of the BASF and CERAM catalysts is also performed. Finally, a material balance of the system is performed and a new external electric heater is designed to accelerate the heating process.
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State of the art in the field of industrial waste gas cleaning
Kudela, Petr ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of cleaning of industrial waste gases. The legislation background of environmental protection, the role of BREF and current situation in the field of emission limits in the light of legislation of the Czech republic and the European union is described in the first part. Further the thesis displays short overview of the industrial waste gases cleaning technologies and the particular example of the evolution of emission limits is given. In the conclusion of the thesis there are the future planned changes of the BREFs shown and the gained knowledge is summarized.
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Optimization of Agro-Pellets Boiler
Kurečková, Andrea ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with optimization of pellet boiler for agropellets combustion. On the Czech market are mostly available boilers for burning wood pellets. Specially adapted agropellet boilers are pretty expensive. The work is divided into two main parts. The first part contains a research of agropellets, agropellets production and combustions of agropellets. The second part is experimental and describes the combustion test. It describes the measurement procedure, the necessary calculations and evaluation.
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Reduction of nitrogen oxides from the flue gas stream on catalysts under non-standard conditions
Minář, Marek ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The objective of the presented diploma thesis is reduction of nitrogen oxides from the flue gas stream on catalyst under non-standart conditions. Emphasis is places on the description of selected pollutants in flue gas (especially nitrogen oxides), legislative requirements for air protection and technologies for removal of nitrogen oxides, expecially methods of selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction. The practical part is devoted to the reduction of nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction on a pilot plant INTEQ II in the laboratory NETME Center. The subject of interest is the determination of the NOx reduction efficiency depend on the temperature for selected catalyst. The end of the practical part pursues with comparison of measurement results and their evaluation.
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Catalytic oxidation of VOC on commercially available catalysts
Osička, Tomáš ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The main topic of this thesis is a catalytic oxidation which belongs to a group of modern technologies for removing emission of CO and VOC from waste air. In the introduction of this thesis, the basic concepts are defined. Further the legislative requirements associated with VOC emissions, emission limits and conditions are summarized. Described destructive and non-destructive methods for removing VOCs from waste gases are also briefly described. Increased attention is paid to the catalytic oxidation as the main theme of the thesis. It was searched for industrial applications where the catalytic oxidation is used. Another chapter is devoted to the theoretical analysis of kinetics of catalytic oxidation reactions. Firstly, the basic types of reactors are described and also material balance and reaction rate for the isothermal and adiabatic reactor. In the experimental part results of performed kinetic measurements on a pilot unit for catalytic commonly used organic solvents (VOCs) using commercially available catalysts were summarized. Pre-exponential factors and activation energies for sprinkling catalysts EnviCat VOC-5565 and EnviCat 55068 for substances ethanol, toluene and acetone were determined. "Light-off" curves for these substances and methane were measured and on sprinkled catalyst EnviCat 55068 and on monolithic catalyst Purelyst PH-304.
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Reduction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas on special filter materials
Sirový, Martin ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
This thesis deals with the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) which are part of the exhaust gas combustion devices. The focus is on reduction of NOx by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and catalyst filtration. The first part of this work deals with the formation of NOx, their hazards and related legislation. The following is an overview of the available technologies to reduce NOx in the flue gas and comparison of this methods. The following section describes the experimental catalytic filtration unit INTEQ II, where the first real experiment selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia was realized. We have verified the operability of the experimental units and achieve up to 80% efficiency SCR. The final section describes the progress of the experiment and its results. It is recommended a few minor adjustments to improve stabile operation of unit INTEQ II.
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Production of liquid biofuels by using enzymatic hydrolysis of waste paper
Roštek, Martin ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the retrieval summary of current knowledge about the process of enzymatic hydrolysis with utilization of waste paper as raw material, in order to convert it into liquid biofuels. The thesis summarizes the general knowledge of the lignocellulosic a raw materials and their resources, an overview of available hydrolysis methods for materials and fermentation technologies, and also summary of methods currently used to rise enzymatic hydrolysis process effectivity. The next section provides an overview of commercial plants which use enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials.
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Information advancement of business plan glass firm
Bělavová, Petra ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Petráš, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor’s thesis is to work out an informational assistance for the development of the business plan. The theoretical fundamentals, the analysis of present state and the proposal of information system used for preparing and consulting of the business plan are used as basic instruments for achievement of the set goal.
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